Yezerinac SM, Weatherhead PJ
Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa
Anim Behav. 1997 Dec;54(6):1393-403. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1997.0545.
Depending on the circumstances under which extra-pair mating occurs, theory makes opposing predictions about how reproductive synchrony should influence extra-pair paternity. This study investigated which sex initiated extra-pair mating in the yellow warbler, whether extra-pair behaviour and extra-pair paternity were related to reproductive synchrony, and whether synchrony affected the mating success of all males equally. Observations and captures of individuals making territorial intrusions indicated that males initiated extra-pair mating. Spatial patterns of male territorial intrusions and of extra-pair paternity were similar. Males' extra-pair activity was reduced when their social partner was fertile. More offspring were sired by the extra-pair male when the female nested asynchronously with that sire's social mate. Neither population-wide synchrony, nor synchrony with neighbours, however, seemed to predict the incidence of extra-pair parentage or the identity of the sire, indicating factors other than synchrony were also important. Males with more breast streaking (a plumage ornament) were more successful as extra-pair sires, and were least affected by the constraint of synchrony. Larger males were less often cuckolded, and achieved extra-pair success mainly when their partner was not fertile. Thus, male yellow warblers apparently use different mating tactics depending on their plumage and size. More generally, the results suggest how mating strategies are affected by which sex initiates extra-pair mating and by the relative contributions of within-pair and extra-pair paternity to total reproductive success.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal BehaviourCopyright 1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
根据发生配偶外交配的具体情况，理论对生殖同步性应如何影响配偶外交父做出了相反的预测。本研究调查了黄腰林莺中是哪种性别发起了配偶外交配，配偶外行为和配偶外交父是否与生殖同步性有关，以及同步性是否对所有雄性的交配成功率产生同等影响。对进行领地入侵的个体的观察和捕获表明，雄性发起了配偶外交配。雄性领地入侵和配偶外交父的空间模式相似。当雄性的社会伴侣处于繁殖期时，它们的配偶外活动会减少。当雌性与配偶外交配雄性的社会配偶异步筑巢时，该雄性会有更多的后代。然而，无论是种群范围内的同步性，还是与邻居的同步性，似乎都无法预测配偶外交配的发生率或父本的身份，这表明同步性以外的因素也很重要。胸部条纹更多（一种羽毛装饰）的雄性作为配偶外交配父本更成功，并且受同步性限制的影响最小。体型较大的雄性较少被戴绿帽，并且主要在其伴侣不处于繁殖期时获得配偶外成功。因此，雄性黄腰林莺显然根据其羽毛和体型采用不同的交配策略。更普遍地说，研究结果表明了交配策略是如何受到发起配偶外交配的性别以及配偶内和配偶外交配父本对总繁殖成功率的相对贡献的影响。版权所有1997动物行为研究协会版权所有1997动物行为研究协会。
