Biochemical and pharmacological profiles of loxiglumide, a novel cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist.

Loxiglumide ((+/-)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-N- pentylglutaramic acid, CAS 107097-80-3, CR1505) is a new derivative of glutaramic acid. Radioligand displacement assay was performed to characterize the selectivity of loxiglumide to CCK-A (cholecystokinin-A) receptor (rat pancreas and bovine gallbladder) and CCK-B/gastrin receptors (guinea pig cerebral cortex and guinea pig gastric parietal cell). And tissue bioassay was performed to investigate the effect of the compound on contractions of the guinea pig gallbladder and ileum. Loxiglumide inhibited 125I-CCK-8 binding to rat pancreatic and bovine gallbladder membranes with IC50 values of 195 and 77.1 nmol/l, respectively. Loxiglumide also inhibited 125I-CCK-8 binding to guinea pig cerebral cortex membranes and parietal cells with IC50 values of 12363 and 15455 nmol/l, respectively. In addition, loxiglumide inhibited 125I-gastrin binding to guinea pig parietal cells with IC50 values of 6134 nmol/l. These results indicate that the affinity of loxiglumide to CCK-A receptor is at least 63 times greater than that to CCK-B/gastrin receptors. In vitro functional studies utilizing CCK-induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig gallbladder and ileum further demonstrate that loxiglumide acts as a competitive CCK antagonist with a high affinity to these tissues (gallbladder, pA2:6.71).