Down-regulation of the noradrenaline transporter by interferon-alpha in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term treatment with interferon (IFN)-alpha on the noradrenaline transporter of bovine adrenal medullary cells. Treatment of cultured adrenal medullary cells with IFN-alpha caused a decrease in uptake of [3H]noradrenaline by the cells in time (4-48 h)- and concentration (300-1,000 U/ml)-dependent manners. IFN-beta also inhibited [3H]noradrenaline uptake to a lesser extent than did IFN-alpha, whereas IFN-gamma had little effect. An anti-IFN-alpha antibody reduced the effect of IFN-alpha on [3H]noradrenaline uptake. Saturation analysis of [3H]noradrenaline uptake showed that the inhibitory effect of IFN-alpha was due to a reduction in the maximal uptake velocity (Vmax) values without altering apparent Michaelis constant (Km) values. Incubation of cells with IFN-alpha caused a translocation of protein kinase C from the soluble to the particulate fraction in the cells. The effect of IFN-alpha on [3H]noradrenaline uptake was diminished in protein kinase C-down-regulated cells. Incubation of cells with IFN-alpha for 48 h significantly reduced the specific binding of [3H]desipramine to crude plasma membranes isolated from cells. Scatchard analysis of [3H]desipramine binding revealed that IFN-alpha decreased the maximal binding (Bmax) values without any change in the dissociation constant (K(D)) values. These findings suggest that IFN-alpha suppresses the function of noradrenaline transporter by reducing the density of the transporter in cell membranes through, at least in part, a protein kinase C pathway.