Burkholder W J, Bauer J E
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4461, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Mar 1;212(5):658-62.
Management of obesity should initially involve assessment of the pet to rule out other possible medical problems and provide an accurate dietary history. It is essential to obtain a good estimate of the existing caloric intake, including calories from table scraps, pet treats, or other sources. Assessing the owner's willingness to make a commitment to a major lifestyle change for their pet is also an important part of any successful weight-reduction program. In some instances, this motivation can be linked to a recent, expensive bill for orthopedic or other procedures performed on their pet. Once a candidate has entered a program, calculated restriction of energy while maintaining protein, vitamin, and mineral intake should be recommended. It may be surprising to find out that the calculated amounts of food may be more than the amount a pet is currently being fed. In these animals, it is imperative to use a high-protein, obesity-management diet and not a low-protein, "light," or senior type of diet containing high fiber. If possible, treats should be restricted altogether and begging actively discouraged. Any snacks should be placed in the pet's feeding bowl so that an association between eating and the bowel become established. Of equal importance is use of a realistic exercise program that owners will encourage their pet to follow. Various products for weight reduction are available. Use of these specially formulated products to restrict caloric intake, while maintaining essential nutrient intake and increasing energy expenditure by playing and other activities, are the hallmarks of successful weight loss programs.
肥胖宠物的管理首先应包括对宠物进行评估，以排除其他可能的健康问题，并获取准确的饮食史。准确估算宠物当前的热量摄入至关重要，这包括来自残羹剩饭、宠物零食或其他来源的热量。评估宠物主人是否愿意为其宠物做出重大生活方式改变的承诺，也是任何成功减肥计划的重要组成部分。在某些情况下，这种动力可能与近期为宠物进行骨科或其他手术而产生的高额费用有关。一旦确定宠物适合减肥计划，建议在保持蛋白质、维生素和矿物质摄入量的同时，计算并限制能量摄入。可能会令人惊讶的是，计算得出的食物量可能比宠物当前的喂食量还要多。对于这些宠物，必须使用高蛋白的肥胖管理饮食，而不是低蛋白、“清淡”或含高纤维的老年犬粮。如果可能的话，应完全限制零食，并积极阻止宠物乞食。任何零食都应放在宠物的食碗中，以便在进食和排便之间建立联系。同样重要的是制定一个切实可行的运动计划，让主人鼓励宠物坚持执行。市面上有各种减肥产品。使用这些特制产品来限制热量摄入，同时保持必需营养素的摄入，并通过玩耍和其他活动增加能量消耗，是成功减肥计划的标志。
