Alexander P C, Anderson C L, Brand B, Schaeffer C M, Grelling B Z, Kretz L
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 1998 Jan;22(1):45-61. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00120-8.
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that adult attachment is related to distress and personality disorders in incest survivors.
Adult female incest survivors recruited from the community participated in a structured interview (Family Attachment Interview; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and completed measures of current functioning (Impact of Event Scale, SCL-10, Beck Depression Inventory) and personality (MCMI-II). Complete data from 92 cases out of the total sample of 112 were analyzed.
Analyses of variance suggested that attachment (as represented by a category) was significantly related to personality structure, with fearful individuals showing more avoidant, self-defeating, and borderline tendencies and preoccupied individuals showing more dependent, self-defeating, and borderline tendencies than secure or dismissing individuals. Results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested that attachment (as represented by four dimensions) was significantly associated with personality structure, depression and distress, and abuse severity with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (intrusive thoughts and avoidance of memories) and depression.
The findings demonstrated the propensity for insecure attachment among incest survivors. Sexual abuse severity and attachment have significant but distinct effects on longterm outcome; abuse characteristics predict classic PTSD symptoms and attachment insecurity predicts distress, depression, and personality disorders above and beyond any effects of abuse severity.
本研究旨在验证成年期依恋与乱伦幸存者的痛苦及人格障碍相关这一假设。
从社区招募的成年女性乱伦幸存者参与了一项结构化访谈（家庭依恋访谈；巴塞洛缪和霍洛维茨，1991年），并完成了当前功能（事件影响量表、症状自评量表-10、贝克抑郁量表）和人格（明尼苏达多项人格问卷第二版）的测量。对112例总样本中的92例完整数据进行了分析。
方差分析表明，依恋（以类别表示）与人格结构显著相关，恐惧型个体比安全型或冷漠型个体表现出更多的回避、自我挫败和边缘性倾向，而多虑型个体比安全型或冷漠型个体表现出更多的依赖、自我挫败和边缘性倾向。分层回归分析结果表明，依恋（以四个维度表示）与人格结构、抑郁和痛苦显著相关，虐待严重程度与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状（侵入性思维和记忆回避）及抑郁相关。
研究结果表明乱伦幸存者中存在不安全依恋倾向。性虐待严重程度和依恋对长期结果有显著但不同的影响；虐待特征可预测典型的PTSD症状，依恋不安全感可预测超出虐待严重程度任何影响之上的痛苦、抑郁和人格障碍。
