高强度运动训练适应性中的时间特异性。

Temporal specificity in adaptations to high-intensity exercise training.

作者信息

Hill D W, Leiferman J A, Lynch N A, Dangelmaier B S, Burt S E

机构信息

Department of Kinesiology, University of North Texas, Denton 76203-3857, USA.

出版信息

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Mar;30(3):450-5. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199803000-00017.

DOI:10.1097/00005768-199803000-00017

PMID:9526893

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The purpose was to test the hypothesis that time to exhaustion and oxygen deficit in high-intensity exercise at a particular time of day would be influenced by training regularly at that time of day.

METHODS

Over a 5-wk period, 12 college-age women performed 20 high-intensity exercise training sessions. On Mondays, they performed four 2-min bouts of cycling at 2.5 W x kg(-1) with 4-min recoveries; on Tuesdays and Thursdays, eight 1-min bouts at 3.0 W x kg(-1) with 2-min recoveries; and on Wednesdays, three 3-min bouts at 2.2 W x kg(-1) with 2-min recoveries. Six participants (a.m.-trained group) were randomly assigned to train in the morning (a.m.) and six others (p.m.-trained group) trained in the afternoon (p.m.). Upon completion of training, all participants were tested in both the a.m. and p.m. (random order) at the same times as training sessions had been scheduled. Tests involved exhaustive efforts at 2.6 W x kg(-1).

RESULTS

Results of a repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant time of day of training x time of day of testing interaction effect on time to exhaustion (F1,10=8.29, P=0.02). This suggested that the time of day of training affected the a.m.-p.m. pattern in time to exhaustion. Time to exhaustion for the a.m.-trained group was 398+/-258 s in the a.m. test and 351+/-216 s in the p.m. test (P=0.07). The p.m.-trained group had significantly higher values in the p.m. test compared with the a.m. test (422+/-252 s vs 373+/-222 s; P=0.03). There was also a significant interaction effect on oxygen deficit (F1,10=8.03, P=0.02). This suggested that the time of day of training affected the a.m.-p.m. pattern in anaerobic capacity. Oxygen deficit for the a.m.-trained group was 64+/-24 mL x kg(-1) in the a.m. test and 50+/-11 mL x kg(-1) in the p.m. test (P=0.10). The p.m.-trained group had significantly higher values in the p.m. tests (64+/-24 mL x kg(-1) vs 50+/-11 mL x kg(-1); P=0.01) compared to the a.m. tests.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate that there is temporal specificity in training to increase work capacity in high-intensity exercise. Greater improvements can be expected to occur at the time of day at which high-intensity training is regularly performed.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在验证这样一个假设：一天中特定时间段进行的高强度运动中，力竭时间和氧亏是否会受到该时间段规律训练的影响。

方法

在为期5周的时间里，12名大学适龄女性进行了20次高强度运动训练课程。周一，她们以2.5瓦/千克的功率进行4组2分钟的骑行，每组间休息4分钟；周二和周四，以3.0瓦/千克的功率进行8组1分钟的骑行，每组间休息2分钟；周三，以2.2瓦/千克的功率进行3组3分钟的骑行，每组间休息2分钟。6名参与者（上午训练组）被随机分配在上午进行训练，另外6名（下午训练组）在下午进行训练。训练结束后，所有参与者在与训练课程相同的时间上午和下午（随机顺序）接受测试。测试包括以2.6瓦/千克的功率进行力竭运动。

结果

重复测量方差分析结果显示，训练时间×测试时间对力竭时间有显著的交互作用（F1,10 = 8.29，P = 0.02）。这表明训练时间影响了上午至下午的力竭时间模式。上午训练组在上午测试中的力竭时间为398±258秒，下午测试中为351±216秒（P = 0.07）。下午训练组在下午测试中的值显著高于上午测试（422±252秒对373±222秒；P = 0.03）。在氧亏方面也有显著的交互作用（F1,10 = 8.03，P = 0.02）。这表明训练时间影响了上午至下午的无氧能力模式。上午训练组在上午测试中的氧亏为64±24毫升/千克，下午测试中为50±11毫升/千克（P = 0.10）。下午训练组在下午测试中的值（64±24毫升/千克对50±11毫升/千克；P = 0.01）显著高于上午测试。