Sass H M
Zentrum fuer Medizinische Ethik, Ruhr Universitaet, Bochum, Germany.
Artif Organs. 1998 Mar;22(3):263-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1998.06024.x.
The disproportionate distribution of financial, educational, social, and medical resources between some rich countries of the northern hemisphere and less fortunate societies creates a moral challenge of global dimension. The development of new forms of highly advanced medical technologies, including neoorgans and xenografts, as well as the promotion of health literacy and predictive and preventive medical services might reduce some problems in allocational justice. Most governments and the World Health Organization (WHO) reject financial and other rewards for living organ donors thus indirectly contributing to the development of black markets. A societal gratuity model supporting and safeguarding a highly regulated market between providers and recipients of organs might provide for better protection of those who provide organs not solely based on altruistic reasons. The moral assessment of global issues in allocation and justice in the distribution of medical technologies must be increased and will have to be based on the principles of self determination and responsibility, solidarity and subsidiarity, and respect for individual values and cultural traditions.
北半球一些富国与较贫困社会之间在金融、教育、社会和医疗资源分配上的不均衡，构成了一个全球性的道德挑战。包括新器官和异种移植在内的高度先进医疗技术新形式的发展，以及健康素养的提升和预测性与预防性医疗服务的推广，可能会减少分配正义方面的一些问题。大多数政府和世界卫生组织（WHO）拒绝给予活体器官捐赠者金钱及其他回报，这间接助长了黑市的发展。一种支持并保障器官提供者与接受者之间受到严格监管的市场的社会酬金模式，或许能更好地保护那些并非完全出于利他原因而提供器官的人。必须加强对医疗技术分配与正义方面全球问题的道德评估，且这一评估必须基于自决与责任、团结与辅助性以及尊重个人价值观和文化传统等原则。
