Sarwark J F, Kramer A
Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 1998 Feb;10(1):82-6. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199802000-00017.
Pediatric spinal deformity is a common problem facing the pediatrician and orthopedic surgeon. Most commonly seen is idiopathic scoliosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are important. Although the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear, there continues to be a search for genetic markers and studies for the modes of inheritance. Idiopathic scoliosis is more clearly understood recently and is recognized as a complex three-dimensional deformity. Prognostic indicators for juvenile scoliosis have been identified. Surgical management of idiopathic scoliosis continues to evolve, and now a thoracoscopic endoscopic technique is available. Long-term follow-up has demonstrated generally satisfactory results with spinal fusion surgery. Other syndromes such as Klippel-Feil, familial dysautonomia, and Marfan syndrome demonstrate high rates of scoliotic deformities. Most are unresponsive to bracing and most often require surgical intervention. Although primary spinal neoplasms are uncommon, most are benign, and outcomes are generally satisfactory.
小儿脊柱畸形是儿科医生和骨科医生面临的常见问题。最常见的是特发性脊柱侧凸。早期诊断和治疗很重要。虽然特发性脊柱侧凸的病因仍不清楚，但人们仍在寻找遗传标记并研究其遗传方式。最近对特发性脊柱侧凸有了更清晰的认识，它被认为是一种复杂的三维畸形。已确定了青少年脊柱侧凸的预后指标。特发性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗不断发展，现在有一种胸腔镜内镜技术。长期随访表明脊柱融合手术的效果总体令人满意。其他综合征，如克-费二氏综合征、家族性自主神经功能异常和马凡综合征，脊柱侧凸畸形的发生率很高。大多数对支具治疗无反应，通常需要手术干预。虽然原发性脊柱肿瘤不常见，但大多数是良性的，预后总体令人满意。
