Prasad K N, Cole W, Hovland P
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
Nutrition. 1998 Feb;14(2):197-210; discussion 237-8. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00443-7.
In spite of extensive research on vitamins and diet, a consistent beneficial role of vitamin supplements, together with diet modification in human cancer prevention, has not been demonstrated. Published results of human intervention trials with vitamin supplements have been contradictory. This review critically, but briefly, evaluates (a) current concepts of human carcinogenesis, (b) effects of vitamins on biochemical parameters that are pertinent to cancer prevention, and (c) whether past or current protocols for intervention trials among high-risk populations adopt specific scientific rationales that are based on laboratory and human epidemiology studies. In addition, we propose a novel experimental design for intervention trials among high-risk human populations that is based on sound scientific principles derived from laboratory and human epidemiologic data on vitamins, diet, lifestyle, and cancer prevention. Such trials would answer a fundamental public health issue of today: Does supplementation with multiple vitamins, together with diet and lifestyle modifications, reduce the risk of cancer?
尽管对维生素和饮食进行了广泛研究，但尚未证明维生素补充剂以及饮食调整在预防人类癌症方面具有持续的有益作用。已发表的维生素补充剂人体干预试验结果相互矛盾。本综述批判性地但简要地评估了：（a）当前人类致癌的概念；（b）维生素对与癌症预防相关的生化参数的影响；（c）过去或当前针对高危人群的干预试验方案是否采用了基于实验室和人类流行病学研究的特定科学原理。此外，我们基于从关于维生素、饮食、生活方式和癌症预防的实验室及人类流行病学数据得出的合理科学原则，为高危人群的干预试验提出了一种新颖的实验设计。此类试验将回答当今一个基本的公共卫生问题：补充多种维生素以及调整饮食和生活方式是否能降低患癌风险？
