Hess T M, McGee K A, Woodburn S M, Bolstad C A
Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7801, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1998 Mar;13(1):127-37. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.13.1.127.
Two experiments investigated adult age differences in the impact of previously activated (and thus easily accessible) trait-related information on judgments about people. The authors hypothesized that age-related declines in the efficiency of controlled processing mechanisms during adulthood would be associated with increased susceptibility to judgment biases associated with such information. In each study, different-aged adults made impression judgments about a target, and assimilation of these judgments to trait constructs activated in a previous, unrelated task were examined. Consistent with the authors' hypotheses, older adults were likely to form impressions that were biased toward the primed trait constructs. In contrast, younger adults exhibited greater awareness of the primed information and were more likely to correct for its perceived influence, especially when distinctive contextual cues regarding the source of the primes were available.
两项实验研究了成年人在先前激活（因而易于获取）的特质相关信息对人物判断的影响方面的年龄差异。作者假设，成年期控制加工机制效率的年龄相关下降将与对与此类信息相关的判断偏差的易感性增加有关。在每项研究中，不同年龄的成年人对一个目标人物做出印象判断，并考察这些判断向在先前不相关任务中激活的特质结构的同化情况。与作者的假设一致，老年人形成的印象往往偏向于启动的特质结构。相比之下，年轻人对启动信息表现出更高的意识，并且更有可能纠正其感知到的影响，尤其是当有关启动信息来源的独特情境线索可用时。
