Gene expression of the proteasome in rat lens development.

To study the involvement of the proteasome in ocular lens cell proliferation and differentiation, a partial cDNA encoding rat S7, a subunit of the ATPase complex that regulates the 20S proteasome (multicatalytic proteinase complex), and RC3, a subunit of the 20S proteasome moiety, were cloned and used to compare relative levels of S7 and RC3 mRNAs. mRNA was measured, using a competitive RT-PCR assay, in isolated lens cells or explant cultures induced to differentiate or proliferate. During differentiation, S7 mRNA levels increased (1.7 fold) and RC3 mRNA levels remained the same compared to mRNA in quiescent cells. During proliferation, RC3 mRNA levels were elevated (2 fold) and S7 mRNA levels remained the same. This demonstrated that representative proteasome and ATPase complex mRNA levels are regulated differentially during differentiation and proliferation. The maintenance of proteasome subunit mRNA and increase in ATPase complex subunit mRNA observed in differentiating lens cells is in contrast to the patterns of expression that have been reported for other differentiating cells, which down-regulate the 20S and/or 26S proteasome. This suggests that the role of the proteasome in cell development is cell specific.