Woodard P K, Dehdashti F, Putman C E
Division of Chest Imaging, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Oncology (Williston Park). 1998 Mar;12(3):431-8; discussion 441-2, 444.
Because many types of cancers metastasize to the lungs, early detection may affect both tumor staging and treatment planning. On the other hand, it is also important to refrain from subjecting patients to procedures that are unnecessary because of the low likelihood of positive yield. The radiologic modalities of greatest benefit in screening for pulmonary metastases are the standard chest radiograph and thoracic computed tomography (CT). Other modalities that may be of value in answering specific questions are positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Factors that help determine which tests will be most useful in demonstrating pulmonary metastasis from extrathoracic primary tumors include the mechanisms of hematogenous tumor spread, the likelihood of distant metastasis vs spread to nearby nodal groups, and the probability of distant metastasis in the absence of local invasion.
由于多种癌症会转移至肺部，早期检测可能会影响肿瘤分期和治疗方案的制定。另一方面，避免让患者接受因阳性检出率低而不必要的检查也很重要。在筛查肺转移瘤方面最具益处的影像学检查方法是标准胸部X线片和胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）。在回答特定问题时可能有价值的其他检查方法是正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和磁共振成像（MRI）。有助于确定哪些检查对于显示胸外原发性肿瘤的肺转移最有用的因素包括血行性肿瘤播散机制、远处转移与扩散至附近淋巴结组的可能性，以及在无局部侵犯情况下远处转移的概率。
