Wood E, Cheong I, Lee C
Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Int J Clin Pract. 1998 Jan-Feb;52(1):23-6.
A retrospective study of 144 adults with HIV infection was conducted to investigate the prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTIs and LRTIs). The patients were divided into two groups: those with acquired HIV through intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), and those who had acquired HIV through 'other' risk behaviours. LRTIs were more prevalent than URTIs overall, and LRTIs were significantly more common (p < 0.001) in IVDAs than in the other-risk group. Tuberculosis (40%) and bacterial pneumonias (33%) comprised the majority of LRTIs among IVDAs, while Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (40%) was the commonest LRTI in the other-risk group. Analysis of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts indicated that HIV-seropositive IVDAs are at greater risk of developing chest infections at higher CD4 counts than other-risk patients. The IVDAs were also found to have a much higher rate of co-infection with hepatitis C and B, which may be a factor accelerating the progression from HIV infection to AIDS. The mean time averaged for the two groups from known seroconversion to development of respiratory tract infection is only 1.37 years, which suggests HIV-infected patients are presenting late for treatment in Malaysia.
对144例成人HIV感染者进行了一项回顾性研究，以调查上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染（URTIs和LRTIs）的患病率。患者被分为两组：通过静脉药物滥用（IVDA）感染HIV的患者，以及通过“其他”风险行为感染HIV的患者。总体而言，LRTIs比URTIs更普遍，并且IVDA患者中的LRTIs明显更常见（p < 0.001），高于其他风险组。结核病（40%）和细菌性肺炎（33%）在IVDA患者的LRTIs中占大多数，而卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（40%）是其他风险组中最常见的LRTI。对CD4 T淋巴细胞计数的分析表明，HIV血清阳性的IVDA患者在CD4计数较高时比其他风险患者发生胸部感染的风险更大。还发现IVDA患者合并丙型和乙型肝炎的发生率要高得多，这可能是加速从HIV感染发展到艾滋病的一个因素。两组从已知血清转换到发生呼吸道感染的平均时间仅为1.37年，这表明马来西亚的HIV感染患者就诊治疗较晚。
