Laubach W, Brosig C E
Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsklinik Leipzig.
Pflege. 1998 Feb;11(1):21-6.
The discussion about improving and reevaluating nursing education and nursing practice in Germany is often oriented at the US-american nurses' training. Here one finds a higher degree of professionalisation and university nursing programs. A German-US-American comparative study of 13 ICU nurses each analyzes what effects a higher degree of professionalism has on every day nursing practice. Using the data of structured interviews, dimensions of job perception and aspects of coping capabilities with stress in regard to patient care and relation with physicians of both nursing groups are compared. Results show that US-American nurses often refer to cognitive aspects of being in control of a situation and emphasize their professional part. When assessing their experiences they mainly describe actions they took emphasizing cooperation and help they gave each other. German nurses accentuate the emotional side, describing fear, anger, rage and helplessness. In their relations with physicians the US-American nurses are more likely to insist on their nursing competence, while German nurses tend to be annoyed, resignated, and try to withdraw from the situation. These differences are discussed in relation to the different nursing programs. The US-American education, stressing supervision and the ability to reflect upon one's action seems to have a positive influence on coping capabilities and enhance job satisfaction.
德国关于改进和重新评估护理教育及护理实践的讨论，常常以美国护士培训为导向。在美国，人们发现护理专业化程度更高，且有大学护理课程。一项针对13名美国重症监护病房护士和13名德国重症监护病房护士的比较研究，分析了更高的专业化程度对日常护理实践有何影响。利用结构化访谈的数据，对两个护理群体在工作认知维度以及在患者护理和与医生关系方面应对压力的能力进行比较。结果显示，美国护士经常提及掌控局面的认知方面，并强调其专业角色。在评估自身经历时，他们主要描述自己采取的行动，强调彼此之间的合作与帮助。德国护士则强调情感方面，描述恐惧、愤怒、狂怒和无助。在与医生的关系中，美国护士更倾向于坚持自己的护理能力，而德国护士往往感到恼火、听天由命，并试图回避这种情况。这些差异结合不同的护理课程进行了讨论。强调监督和自我行为反思能力的美国教育，似乎对应对能力有积极影响，并提高工作满意度。
