Begun D R, Güleç E
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 Mar;105(3):279-314. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199803)105:3<279::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-N.
A small number of large hominoid specimens are known from the late Miocene of Turkey. (This paper focuses on the two specimens known until 1996. New fossils described by Alpagut et al. ([1996] Nature 382:349-351) are briefly discussed in this paper as well.) Among these, a fragmentary mandible is the type specimen of Ankarapithecus meteai. Another specimen, a partial face, is from the same taxon. Based on the morphology of this face, Ankarapithecus meteai was synonymized with Sivapithecus (Andrews and Tekkaya [1980], Paleontology 23:85-95). The facial specimen was recently restored by the authors, exposing much anatomy that had previously been obscured. The new anatomical details reveal many important differences from Sivapithecus and justify a revision of the nomen Ankarapithecus. Ankarapithecus was a large hominid (great apes and humans) in the clade that also includes Sivapithecus and Pongo. Sivapithecus and Pongo share derived characters not found in Ankarapithecus, which is thus the sister clade to the Sivapithecus-Pongo clade. While the results of this analysis support the sister relationship of Sivapithecus and Pongo, there is some uncertainty regarding paleobiogeographic and taxonomic relationships to the large hominids from the Siwaliks. An Ankarapithecus-like taxon may have been ancestral to Sivapithecus, or an early Siwalik (Chinji formation) taxon, which predates both Sivapithecus sensu stricto and Ankarapithecus, may be ancestral to both.
已知在土耳其晚中新世有少量大型类人猿标本。（本文重点关注1996年之前已知的两个标本。本文还简要讨论了阿尔帕古特等人[1996年，《自然》382:349 - 351]描述的新化石。）其中，一块破碎的下颌骨是梅泰安安卡拉古猿的模式标本。另一个标本是部分面部，来自同一分类单元。根据这块面部的形态，梅泰安安卡拉古猿被同义于西瓦古猿（安德鲁斯和特卡亚[1980年]，《古生物学》23:85 - 95）。该面部标本最近由作者进行了修复，揭示出许多以前被掩盖的解剖结构。新的解剖细节显示出与西瓦古猿有许多重要差异，并有理由对安卡拉古猿这一名称进行修订。安卡拉古猿是一个大型人科动物（大猩猩和人类），属于一个进化枝，该进化枝还包括西瓦古猿和猩猩。西瓦古猿和猩猩具有安卡拉古猿所没有的衍生特征，因此安卡拉古猿是西瓦古猿 - 猩猩进化枝的姐妹进化枝。虽然这一分析结果支持西瓦古猿和猩猩的姐妹关系，但在与西瓦利克大型人科动物的古生物地理和分类关系方面存在一些不确定性。一个类似安卡拉古猿的分类单元可能是西瓦古猿的祖先，或者一个早于狭义西瓦古猿和安卡拉古猿的西瓦利克早期（钦吉组）分类单元可能是两者的祖先。
