Marzke M W, Toth N, Schick K, Reece S, Steinberg B, Hunt K, Linscheid R L, An K N
Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-2402, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 Mar;105(3):315-32. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199803)105:3<315::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-Q.
The activity of 17 hand muscles was monitored by electromyography (EMG) in three subjects during hard hammer percussion manufacture of Oldowan tools. Two of the subjects were archaeologists experienced in the replication of prehistoric stone tools. Simultaneous videotapes recorded grips associated with the muscle activities. The purpose of the study was to identify the muscles most likely to have been strongly and repeatedly recruited by early hominids during stone tool-making. This information is fundamental to the identification of skeletal features that may reliably predict tool-making capabilities in early hominids. The muscles most frequently recruited at high force levels for strong precision pinch grips required to control the hammerstone and core are the intrinsic muscles of the fifth finger and the thumb/index finger regions. A productive search for skeletal evidence of habitual Oldowan tool-making behavior will therefore be in the regions of the hand stressed by these intrinsic muscles and in the joint configurations affecting the relative lengths of their moment arms.
在奥杜威工具的硬锤敲击制作过程中，通过肌电图（EMG）监测了三名受试者17块手部肌肉的活动。其中两名受试者是有复制史前石器经验的考古学家。同步录像记录了与肌肉活动相关的抓握动作。该研究的目的是确定早期人类在制作石器时最有可能被频繁且强烈募集的肌肉。这些信息对于识别可能可靠预测早期人类工具制作能力的骨骼特征至关重要。在控制石锤和石核所需的强力精确捏握动作中，在高力量水平下最频繁募集的肌肉是小指以及拇指/食指区域的固有肌。因此，对习惯性奥杜威工具制作行为的骨骼证据进行有效搜寻，将着眼于这些固有肌所施压的手部区域以及影响其力臂相对长度的关节结构。
