Work-family conflict, gender, and health-related outcomes: a study of employed parents in two community samples.

On the basis of identity theory and research on sex role socialization, it was predicted that both work interfering with family (W-->F conflict) and family interfering with work (F-->W conflict) are uniquely related to depression, poor physical health, and heavy alcohol use (Hypothesis 1). It also was predicted that gender would moderate these relationships, such that W-->F conflict is more strongly related to the outcomes among women (Hypothesis 2a) and F-->W conflict is more strongly related to the outcomes among men (Hypothesis 2b). Survey data were obtained from 2 random community samples of employed parents (Ns = 496 and 605). Hierarchical regression analyses supported Hypothesis 1 but failed to support Hypotheses 2a and 2b.