Lundberg U
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
J Occup Health Psychol. 1996 Apr;1(2):117-30. doi: 10.1037//1076-8998.1.2.117.
Female labor force participation has increased considerably, but women's traditional responsibility for home and family has not changed accordingly. Although women's employment per se does not seem to have negative health consequences, studies show that stress from role conflicts and work overload is reflected in women's elevated psychophysiological arousal not only at work but also off work, which may induce psychosomatic symptoms (e.g., cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders). In addition, multiple role demands reduce women's possibilities to make a professional career on the same terms as men. Data emphasize the need for a new allocation of work functions between the sexes and the need for organizational changes leading to more influence and control over work to make it possible for both men and women to combine a qualified job with a meaningful family life.
女性劳动力参与率大幅提高，但女性对家庭的传统责任并未相应改变。虽然女性就业本身似乎不会对健康产生负面影响，但研究表明，角色冲突和工作负担过重所带来的压力不仅在工作时，而且在工作之余也反映在女性升高的心理生理唤醒水平上，这可能会引发身心症状（如心血管和肌肉骨骼疾病）。此外，多重角色需求降低了女性与男性在同等条件下从事职业的可能性。数据强调需要在两性之间重新分配工作职能，以及需要进行组织变革，以增强对工作的影响力和掌控力，使男性和女性都能够将一份合格的工作与有意义的家庭生活结合起来。
