Kristensen T S
National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Occup Health Psychol. 1996 Jul;1(3):246-60. doi: 10.1037//1076-8998.1.3.246.
During the last 15 years, the research on job stress and cardiovascular diseases has been dominated by the job strain model developed by R. Karasek (1979) and colleagues (R. Karasek & T. Theorell, 1990). In this article the results of this research are briefly summarized, and the theoretical and methodological basis is discussed and criticized. A sociological interpretation of the model emphasizing theories of technological change, qualifications of the workers, and the organization of work is proposed. Furthermore, improvements with regard to measuring the job strain dimensions and to sampling the study base are suggested. Substantial improvements of the job strain research could be achieved if the principle of triangulation were used in the measurements of stressors, stress, and sickness and if occupation-based samples were used instead of large representative samples.
在过去15年里，关于工作压力与心血管疾病的研究一直由R. 卡拉塞克（1979年）及其同事（R. 卡拉塞克和T. 西奥雷尔，1990年）提出的工作紧张模型主导。本文简要总结了这项研究的结果，并对其理论和方法基础进行了讨论与批判。提出了对该模型的一种社会学解释，强调技术变革理论、工人资质以及工作组织。此外，还建议在测量工作紧张维度和对研究样本进行抽样方面加以改进。如果在压力源、压力和疾病的测量中采用三角测量法原则，并且使用基于职业的样本而非大型代表性样本，工作紧张研究将会有实质性的改进。
