Van Hoogmoed L, Roberts G, Snyder J R, Yarbrough T, Harmon F
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 1998 Mar-Apr;39(2):117-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01976.x.
In the llama, signs of colic are obscure and may be exhibited as persistent sternal recumbency and anorexia even in the presence of a surgical lesion. Diagnostic methods for evaluation of abdominal disorders are limited. As a result, surgical intervention may be prolonged and increase the risk of mortality and postoperative complications. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of computed tomography to evaluate the llama intestinal tract. Eighteen hours prior to the computed tomography scan, six llamas were given barium sulfate (15%) via an orogastric tube. Following induction of general anesthesia, the llamas were positioned in sternal recumbency, and 10 mm contiguous slices were obtained from the diaphragm to the tuber ischiadicum. Structures that were consistently identified included the first, second, and third compartments (C1, 2, and 3), small intestine, spiral colon, and ascending colon. C1 was easily identified in the cranial aspect of the abdomen due to its large size relative to the other compartments and characteristic saccules. C2 was located cranial, ventral, and to the right of C1, while C3 was visualized as a tubular structure to the right and ventral to C1 and C2, C3 was traced caudally until it turned dorsally and continued cranially to a dilated ampulla in the right cranial abdomen delineating the entrance to the small intestine. The spiral colon was identified consistently in the left ventral caudal abdomen. Structures that could not be conclusively identified included the cecum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Computed tomography allowed a consistent evaluation of the major intestinal structures associated with colic in the llama. Thus, computed tomography is a potentially valuable noninvasive diagnostic tool to effectively evaluate the abdominal cavity and differentiate medical from surgical lesions in the llama.
在美洲驼中，腹痛的症状并不明显，即使存在外科病变，也可能表现为持续的胸卧姿势和食欲不振。评估腹部疾病的诊断方法有限。因此，手术干预可能会延长，增加死亡风险和术后并发症。本研究的目的是确定计算机断层扫描评估美洲驼肠道的可行性。在计算机断层扫描前18小时，通过口胃管给6只美洲驼服用硫酸钡（15%）。全身麻醉诱导后，将美洲驼置于胸卧姿势，从膈肌至坐骨结节获取10毫米连续切片。始终能识别的结构包括第一、第二和第三胃室（C1、C2和C3）、小肠、螺旋结肠和升结肠。由于C1相对于其他胃室体积较大且有特征性囊袋，在腹部头侧很容易识别。C2位于C1的头侧、腹侧和右侧，而C3表现为C1和C2右侧和腹侧的管状结构，C3向尾侧追踪，直到它转向背侧并继续向头侧延伸至右腹侧头侧腹部的一个扩张壶腹，该壶腹界定了小肠的入口。螺旋结肠始终在左腹侧尾腹部被识别。无法明确识别的结构包括盲肠和肠系膜淋巴结。计算机断层扫描能够对与美洲驼腹痛相关的主要肠道结构进行一致评估。因此，计算机断层扫描是一种潜在有价值的非侵入性诊断工具，可有效评估腹腔并区分美洲驼的内科病变和外科病变。
