Ochoa Mangado E
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Ramón Cajal, Madrid.
Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines. 1998 Jan-Feb;26(1):51-7.
This paper reviews preclinical research which demonstrates the involvement of the opioid system in the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and the effects of naltrexone, a long-acting, nonselective opioid receptor antagonist to reduce alcohol intake. Naltrexone (50 mg/day) may prevent the return to drinking by blocking the pleasurable effects or "high" associated with alcohol drinking, and relapse rates were reduced. The most common adverse effects reported include nausea and vomiting and it does not appear to be hepatotoxic in dosages recommend. Thus, naltrexone appears to offer significant therapeutic benefits, when used with behavioural treatment for alcohol dependent patients.
本文回顾了临床前研究，这些研究表明阿片系统参与了酒精的强化作用，以及纳曲酮（一种长效、非选择性阿片受体拮抗剂）对减少酒精摄入量的影响。纳曲酮（50毫克/天）可能通过阻断与饮酒相关的愉悦效应或“兴奋感”来防止复饮，且复发率降低。报告的最常见不良反应包括恶心和呕吐，在推荐剂量下它似乎没有肝毒性。因此，当与酒精依赖患者的行为治疗联合使用时，纳曲酮似乎能带来显著的治疗益处。
