Hoffman R E, McGlashan T H
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8038, USA.
Schizophr Res. 1998 Mar 10;30(2):137-41. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00142-4.
Reciprocal interactions between multiple cortical areas are required for higher-order cognitive processes in animals and humans. A growing body of evidence suggests that reduced cortical connectivity is associated with schizophrenia. We have used neural network computer simulations to characterize symptoms and cognitive pathology that could arise from connectivity reductions. When this pathology was reproduced in simulations of speech perception networks, spontaneous percepts analogous to hallucinated speech were induced due to the emergence of 'locked-in' or 'parasitic' states. We propose that these simulations provide a model for hallucinated 'voices' reported by actual schizophrenic patients. The 'hallucinogenic' model of speech perception also demonstrated subtle speech perception impairments. We have demonstrated similar impairments when assessing schizophrenic patients reporting 'voices', but not when assessing similarly diagnosed patients not reporting this symptom. The model also demonstrates how a 'hypodopaminergic' state can reverse cognitive pathology arising from connectivity disturbances.
动物和人类的高阶认知过程需要多个皮层区域之间的相互作用。越来越多的证据表明，皮层连接性降低与精神分裂症有关。我们使用神经网络计算机模拟来描述由连接性降低可能产生的症状和认知病理学特征。当在语音感知网络模拟中重现这种病理状态时，由于“锁定”或“寄生”状态的出现，会诱发类似于幻觉性言语的自发感知。我们认为这些模拟为实际精神分裂症患者报告的幻觉“声音”提供了一个模型。语音感知的“致幻”模型还显示出微妙的语音感知障碍。在评估报告有“声音”的精神分裂症患者时，我们也发现了类似的障碍，但在评估未报告此症状的类似诊断患者时则未发现。该模型还展示了“多巴胺能减退”状态如何逆转由连接性紊乱引起的认知病理学。
