Kawabata T, Shimai S, Nishioka N
Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1998 Jan;45(1):15-26.
This study examined the relationship between smoking behavior and self-esteem among Japanese early adolescents.
The study sample comprised 1,486 fourth through ninth grade students from 10 elementary schools and six junior high schools throughout nine prefectures. Data were collected using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire which included items measuring smoking behavior, self-esteem, intention to smoke in the future, self-efficacy to refuse peer pressure to smoke, the smoking behaviors of their parents, siblings and friends. Self-esteem was measured using the Harter Perceived Competence Scale which includes four areas: cognitive, social, physical, and general.
The main results were as follows: 1) Ever smokers had lower cognitive and general competence scores, but a higher physical competence score than never smokers, especially among males. 2) Ever smokers had more smoking parents, siblings and friends than never smokers. 3) Ever smokers had stronger intention to smoke in the future than never smokers. 4) Ever smokers had lower self-efficacy to refuse peer pressure to smoke than never smokers.
The results of this study about the relationship between smoking behavior and self-esteem were consistent with those of some previous studies in the U.S. Therefore, it is suggested that effective smoking prevention programs for Japanese early adolescents should include strategies to enhance self-esteem.
本研究探讨了日本青少年早期吸烟行为与自尊之间的关系。
研究样本包括来自九个县的10所小学和6所初中的1486名四至九年级学生。数据通过匿名自填问卷收集，问卷包括测量吸烟行为、自尊、未来吸烟意图、拒绝同伴吸烟压力的自我效能感、父母、兄弟姐妹和朋友的吸烟行为等项目。自尊使用哈特感知能力量表进行测量，该量表包括四个方面：认知、社交、身体和总体。
主要结果如下：1）曾经吸烟者的认知和总体能力得分较低，但身体能力得分高于从不吸烟者，尤其是在男性中。2）曾经吸烟者的吸烟父母、兄弟姐妹和朋友比从不吸烟者更多。3）曾经吸烟者未来吸烟的意图比从不吸烟者更强。4）曾经吸烟者拒绝同伴吸烟压力的自我效能感比从不吸烟者更低。
本研究关于吸烟行为与自尊之间关系的结果与美国此前的一些研究结果一致。因此，建议针对日本青少年早期的有效吸烟预防项目应包括增强自尊的策略。
