Sharrock W J
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6500, USA.
J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Apr;13(4):537-43. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.4.537.
Recent observations underscore the linkage between endochondral bone formation and the establishment of hematopoietic marrow and suggest that interactions among bone, marrow, and the immune system persist in the mature skeleton. A workshop was held at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, to discuss recent work on these interactions and to identify new areas of research. Marrow stromal cells include the precursors of the osteochondrogenic lineage, exert important influences on osteoclastogenesis and lymphopoiesis, and mediate the effects of some systemic factors on bone turnover. Recent evidence indicates that hematopoietic cells can influence the differentiation of osteogenic cells and suggests that mature lymphocytes can influence osteoclastic and osteoblastic functions. However, interpretation of experiments may be confounded by the potential for stage-specific responses within a cell lineage, the likelihood that divergent pathways compete for limited pools of precursor cells, and the possibility that important cells or factors are still unidentified. Further, in vitro models may be limited by species and anatomical site specificities, the absence of intermediary or accessory cells, and the absence of normal marrow spatial organization and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix. Nevertheless, current approaches hold the potential for significant advances in our understanding of the relationships between bone and the hematopoietic and immune systems. Refinements of in vitro systems, the use of genetically manipulated mice, and the examination of clinical syndromes promise important insights. Collaborations among bone biologists, hematologists, and immunologists, and between basic scientists and clinical investigators, will be crucial for continued progress.
近期的观察结果强调了软骨内骨形成与造血骨髓建立之间的联系，并表明骨骼、骨髓和免疫系统之间的相互作用在成熟骨骼中持续存在。美国国立卫生研究院（位于马里兰州贝塞斯达）举办了一次研讨会，以讨论有关这些相互作用的最新研究工作，并确定新的研究领域。骨髓基质细胞包括骨软骨生成谱系的前体，对破骨细胞生成和淋巴细胞生成具有重要影响，并介导一些全身因素对骨转换的作用。最近的证据表明造血细胞可以影响成骨细胞的分化，并提示成熟淋巴细胞可以影响破骨细胞和成骨细胞的功能。然而，对实验结果的解释可能会因细胞谱系内阶段特异性反应的可能性、不同途径争夺有限前体细胞库的可能性以及重要细胞或因子仍未被识别的可能性而受到混淆。此外，体外模型可能受到物种和解剖部位特异性、中间或辅助细胞的缺失以及正常骨髓空间组织和细胞与细胞外基质相互作用缺失的限制。尽管如此，目前的研究方法有潜力在我们对骨骼与造血和免疫系统之间关系的理解上取得重大进展。体外系统的改进、基因工程小鼠的使用以及临床综合征的研究有望带来重要的见解。骨生物学家、血液学家和免疫学家之间，以及基础科学家和临床研究人员之间的合作，对于持续取得进展至关重要。
