Denk D M, Swoboda H, Steiner E
Klinische Abteilung Phoniatrie-Logopädie, Univ. HNO-Klinik, Wien.
Radiologe. 1998 Feb;38(2):63-70. doi: 10.1007/s001170050325.
The larynx consists of the cartilaginous-osseous framework, elastic membranes and ligaments, joints, muscles, nerves, vessels, and interior cavity. The laryngeal functions are the protection of the airway during swallowing, respiration (i.e. maintainance of the airway) and phonation. During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing the swallow reflex induces a laryngeal closure in three levels and a superior-anterior movement of the larynx and hyoid bone. The laryngeal airway is maintained by the circumference of the cricoid cartilage. Phonation is the phylogenetically recent function of the larynx and was made possible by the laryngeal descent. The sound production is explained according to the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory. The diagnostics of laryngeal diseases is performed in close cooperation between otorhinolaryngology and radiology. For diagnostic purposes, the physiology of the larynx requires to take into account not only morphological, but also functional aspects.
喉由软骨-骨框架、弹性膜和韧带、关节、肌肉、神经、血管及内腔组成。喉的功能包括吞咽时保护气道、呼吸（即维持气道通畅）和发声。在吞咽的咽期，吞咽反射会引起喉在三个层面关闭，以及喉和舌骨向前上方移动。环状软骨的周长维持着喉气道的通畅。发声是喉在系统发育过程中较新出现的功能，喉的下降使其成为可能。声音产生的原理依据肌弹性-空气动力学理论进行解释。喉疾病的诊断是在耳鼻喉科和放射科密切合作下进行的。出于诊断目的，喉的生理学不仅需要考虑形态学方面，还需考虑功能方面。
