Jooste P L, Langenhoven M L, Kriek J A, Kunneke E, Nyaphisi M, Sharp B
Medical Research Council, National Research Programme for Nutritional Intervention, Tygerberg, South Africa.
East Afr Med J. 1997 Nov;74(11):680-9.
A baseline cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the nutritional status of the population of the Mohale Dam catchment area before construction of the dam commenced. In this article we report on the anthropometric, clinical and dietary assessment of the children less than 15 years of age in the study population. A two stage stratified sampling technique was used to randomly select 29 of the 83 villages in the study area. Children under 15 years of age from 395 households, representing approximately 50% of households in the selected villages, were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements of body height and weight in relation to age and sex indicated undernutrition varying, with few exceptions, from high to very high levels in children under 15 years. Stunting, indicating chronic undernutrition, was of particular concern in children, even from the first year of life. Very few clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies were found except for a goitre prevalence of 17.5% in 10 to 14 year old children. This was supported by the very low urinary iodine excretion (median 1.3 micrograms/dL) which indicated a severe iodine deficiency. Dietary evaluation showed high initiation rates of breastfeeding as well as a long duration of breastfeeding. Complementary foods were introduced at an early age, resulting in low exclusive breastfeeding rates. Regular meals were reported but qualitative analysis of the diet showed that a too small variety of foods were eaten, with an irregular intake of protein-rich foods and milk. Quantitative data on 3- < 5-year-old children showed that micro-nutrient intakes were low and that the energy intake of these children was inadequate. The results showed that these nutritionally vulnerable children should be monitored for the impact of the dam construction on their nutritional status.
在莫哈莱大坝开工建设之前，开展了一项基线横断面研究，以评估该大坝集水区人口的营养状况。在本文中，我们报告了研究人群中15岁以下儿童的人体测量、临床和饮食评估情况。采用两阶段分层抽样技术，从研究区域的83个村庄中随机选取了29个村庄。研究纳入了395户家庭中15岁以下的儿童，这些家庭约占所选村庄家庭总数的50%。根据年龄和性别进行的身高和体重人体测量结果表明，15岁以下儿童普遍存在营养不良，少数情况除外，营养不良程度从高到极高不等。发育迟缓表明存在慢性营养不良，这在儿童中，甚至从出生第一年起就尤为令人担忧。除了10至14岁儿童中甲状腺肿患病率为17.5%外，几乎未发现营养缺乏的临床体征。极低的尿碘排泄量（中位数为1.3微克/分升）也证实了这一点，表明存在严重的碘缺乏。饮食评估显示母乳喂养的起始率很高，且母乳喂养持续时间很长。辅食添加较早，导致纯母乳喂养率较低。据报告有规律进餐，但对饮食的定性分析表明，所吃食物种类太少，富含蛋白质的食物和牛奶摄入不规律。3至5岁儿童的定量数据显示，微量营养素摄入量较低，且这些儿童的能量摄入不足。结果表明，应对这些营养脆弱的儿童进行监测，以了解大坝建设对其营养状况的影响。
