Bosman M C, Swai O B, Kwamanga D O, Agwanda R, Idukitta G, Misljenovic O
Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, Hague, The Netherlands.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1998 Apr;2(4):272-80.
The first tuberculin survey conducted in Kenya by the World Health Organisation in 1958-1959 found an annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) of 2.5%.
To estimate the ARTI and its trend in recent years and to compare the estimated incidence rates with the notification rates.
A tuberculin survey was held in 12 randomly selected districts in the period 1986-1990. Tuberculin testing with 2TU PPD RT 23 + Tween 80 was performed in 40,365 primary schoolchildren aged 6-13.
Of 14,984 non BCG-vaccinated children, 1,380 (9.2%) had indurations of > or = 10 mm. Double testing with PPD RT 23 and PPD-scrofulaceum in 980 non BCG-vaccinated children revealed a high level of infections due to mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). Therefore, the prevalence of tuberculous infection was based on the sum of 50% of the indurations of 17 mm and all indurations of 18 mm or more multiplied by two. The prevalence of tuberculous infection in schoolchildren aged on average 8.4 years, 'weighted' for the population size according to the provisional results of the 1989 census, was calculated at 5.5%. The corresponding ARTI is 0.6%.
The ARTI has declined by an average 4.6% per year. The tuberculosis problem differs from one area to the next, with the highest prevalences of infection on the coast and in Eastern Kenya, and the lowest in Western Kenya. Although the average ratio of observed and estimated incidences indicate that 70% of incident cases are notified, considerable inter-district variations are observed.
1958 - 1959年世界卫生组织在肯尼亚开展的首次结核菌素调查发现结核病感染年风险率（ARTI）为2.5%。
估计近年来的ARTI及其趋势，并将估计的发病率与报告率进行比较。
1986 - 1990年期间在12个随机选择的地区进行了结核菌素调查。对40365名6 - 13岁的小学生进行了2TU PPD RT 23 +吐温80的结核菌素检测。
在14984名未接种卡介苗的儿童中，1380名（9.2%）硬结直径≥10毫米。对980名未接种卡介苗的儿童进行PPD RT 23和PPD - 瘰疬菌素双重检测发现，非结核分枝杆菌（MOTT）感染水平较高。因此，结核感染患病率基于17毫米硬结的50%与18毫米及以上所有硬结之和乘以2。根据1989年人口普查临时结果按人口规模“加权”计算得出，平均年龄8.4岁的学童结核感染患病率为5.5%。相应的ARTI为0.6%。
ARTI平均每年下降4.6%。结核病问题因地区而异，沿海地区和肯尼亚东部感染患病率最高，肯尼亚西部最低。虽然观察到的发病率与估计发病率的平均比值表明70%的发病病例已报告，但各地区之间存在相当大的差异。
