Rubin D C, Greenberg D L
Department of Experimental Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 28;95(9):5413-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.9.5413.
We describe a form of amnesia, which we have called visual memory-deficit amnesia, that is caused by damage to areas of the visual system that store visual information. Because it is caused by a deficit in access to stored visual material and not by an impaired ability to encode or retrieve new material, it has the otherwise infrequent properties of a more severe retrograde than anterograde amnesia with no temporal gradient in the retrograde amnesia. Of the 11 cases of long-term visual memory loss found in the literature, all had amnesia extending beyond a loss of visual memory, often including a near total loss of pretraumatic episodic memory. Of the 6 cases in which both the severity of retrograde and anterograde amnesia and the temporal gradient of the retrograde amnesia were noted, 4 had a more severe retrograde amnesia with no temporal gradient and 2 had a less severe retrograde amnesia with a temporal gradient.
我们描述了一种失忆症，我们称之为视觉记忆缺陷型失忆症，它是由存储视觉信息的视觉系统区域受损所致。由于它是由获取已存储视觉材料的缺陷引起的，而非编码或检索新材料的能力受损导致的，所以它具有一些不常见的特性，即逆行性失忆比顺行性失忆更严重，且逆行性失忆不存在时间梯度。在文献中发现的11例长期视觉记忆丧失病例中，所有患者的失忆都不止于视觉记忆丧失，通常还包括创伤前情景记忆几乎完全丧失。在记录了逆行性和顺行性失忆严重程度以及逆行性失忆时间梯度的6例病例中，4例逆行性失忆更严重且无时间梯度，2例逆行性失忆较轻且有时间梯度。
