Pommier J, Deschamps J P, Romero M I, Zubarew T
Université de Nancy, France.
Promot Educ. 1997 Dec;4(4):29-31. doi: 10.1177/102538239700400415.
The First International Conference on Health Promotion (Ottawa 1996) consolidated and developed the interest of Latin American countries in the amelioration of the health of their populations. Initiatives such as the International Conference for Health Promotion in Columbia in 1992 and the adoption in 1993 of the Caribbean Charter for Health Promotion show the efforts that have been carried out by different American countries to work toward the principles of the Ottawa Charter and to adapt them to their realities. This article focuses on the state of health of adolescents in Latin America as well as different actions that have been, and continue to be, carried out. The authors first discuss the peer approach to health education, which has been used in many health promotion actions throughout Latin America because of its effectiveness. Often in developing countries, the oldest children care for the younger ones. This approach therefore provides a way to reach not only peers of the adolescent involved, but also other youth in his/her entourage. Also, the participation of youth in health education allows them to develop relations with adults outside of their families, to improve their self-perceptions and to acquire a sense of responsibility and belonging within a social group. Examples from several countries are provided by the authors. What the authors call "classic" approaches to health promotion and education are also still used in many countries of Latin America and many of these programmes are concerned with sexual education and managing adolescent parenthood. Also, programmes using in approach specific to problems such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and violence have been developed in many countries. Finally, training programmes for health personnel focusing on the specific health needs of adolescents have been developed in Brazil, Peru, Costa Rica, and Uruguay for a large range of health professionals (psychologists, social workers, etc.). In conclusion, the authors state that although there is an increasing number of health promotion actions for adolescents in Latin America, there is still much work to be done. One of the elements that is priority for managing the health of adolescents is the integral approach of the adolescent, considering the psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence his/her well-being. Multi-disciplinary and intersectoral approaches are also considered as important, as is the participation of adolescents in the development and implementation of actions concerning them.
第一届国际健康促进大会（1996年，渥太华）巩固并发展了拉丁美洲国家改善其民众健康状况的兴趣。诸如1992年在哥伦比亚召开的国际健康促进大会以及1993年通过的《加勒比健康促进宪章》等举措，表明了美洲各国为践行《渥太华宪章》的原则并使其适用于本国实际情况所做出的努力。本文聚焦于拉丁美洲青少年的健康状况以及已开展和仍在开展的不同行动。作者首先讨论了健康教育中的同伴方法，由于其有效性，该方法已在拉丁美洲各地的许多健康促进行动中得到应用。在发展中国家，通常年龄较大的孩子会照顾年幼的孩子。因此，这种方法不仅为所涉及青少年的同龄人提供了一种接触途径，也为其周围的其他年轻人提供了接触途径。此外，青少年参与健康教育使他们能够与家庭之外的成年人建立关系，改善自我认知，并在社会群体中获得责任感和归属感。作者提供了几个国家的实例。作者所称的健康促进与教育的“经典”方法在拉丁美洲的许多国家仍在使用，其中许多项目涉及性教育和应对青少年生育问题。此外，许多国家还制定了针对酗酒、药物滥用和暴力等特定问题的方法的项目。最后，巴西、秘鲁、哥斯达黎加和乌拉圭针对众多健康专业人员（心理学家、社会工作者等）制定了关注青少年特定健康需求的卫生人员培训项目。总之，作者指出，尽管拉丁美洲针对青少年的健康促进行动数量在不断增加，但仍有许多工作要做。管理青少年健康的优先要素之一是对青少年采取综合方法，考虑影响其幸福的心理、社会和环境因素。多学科和跨部门方法也被视为很重要，青少年参与与其相关的行动的制定和实施同样重要。
