Foster W M, Bergofsky E H, Bohning D E, Lippmann M, Albert R E
J Appl Physiol. 1976 Aug;41(2):146-52. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.2.146.
The aerosolized adrenergic (ADR) agent, isoproterenol (ISO), was found markedly to accelerate mucus clearance within the human tracheobronchial tree. Mucus transport was measured by external gamma counting of aerosolized Fe2O3 particles deposited on the mucous membrane during inhalation. Aerosolized epinephrine (EPI), despite its alpha-ADR bronchial vasoconstrictor activity, increased mucus clearance to the same degree as did aerosolized ISO, with its beta-ADR bronchial vasodilator activity. The vehicle used for delivery of the ADR agents, i.e., a H2O aerosol by intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB), itself increased mucus clearance slightly, but did not elicit the enormous increases produced by the ADR agents. Parenteral ISO caused increases in clearances similar to aerosolized ISO and EPI (consistent with different tissue drug levels achieved). Oral atropine delayed clearance, but atropine prior to an ADR aerosol did not alter the mucus transport effect of the ADR agent. ISO and atropine, despite opposite effects on mucus clearance, caused equal bronchodilation. Thus, increased clearance following aerosolized ISO was not dependent on bronchial vasodilation, aqueous aerosol droplets, reflex parasympathetic activation, or bronchodilation, and seems best attributable to increased ciliary beat rate.
雾化肾上腺素能（ADR）药物异丙肾上腺素（ISO）被发现能显著加速人气管支气管树内的黏液清除。黏液转运通过吸入期间沉积在黏膜上的雾化Fe2O3颗粒的外部γ计数来测量。雾化肾上腺素（EPI），尽管其具有α-ADR支气管血管收缩活性，但与具有β-ADR支气管血管舒张活性的雾化ISO一样，能使黏液清除增加到相同程度。用于递送ADR药物的载体，即通过间歇性正压呼吸（IPPB）递送的H2O气雾剂，本身能使黏液清除略有增加，但不会引起ADR药物所产生的巨大增加。肠外给予ISO导致的清除增加与雾化ISO和EPI相似（这与所达到的不同组织药物水平一致）。口服阿托品会延迟清除，但在给予ADR气雾剂之前给予阿托品不会改变ADR药物对黏液转运的作用。ISO和阿托品，尽管对黏液清除有相反的作用，但能引起同等程度的支气管舒张。因此，雾化ISO后清除增加并不依赖于支气管血管舒张、水性气雾剂滴、反射性副交感神经激活或支气管舒张，似乎最可归因于纤毛摆动频率增加。
