West M, Rose M S, Verhoef M J, Spreng S, Bobey M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alberta.
Can J Psychiatry. 1998 Apr;43(3):294-7. doi: 10.1177/070674379804300309.
Lack of intimacy has been identified as an important provoking agent that increases the risk of depressive symptoms in women. This study precisely characterized lack of intimacy by assessing a woman's attachment style and investigated the specificity of association between depressive symptoms and an anxious attachment pattern.
Four hundred and twenty women participated in this cross-sectional study of depressive symptomatology and anxious attachment. All participants completed the following measures: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale.
A score of 16 or above on the CES-D, which indicates the presence of depressive symptoms, was used to divide the sample into 2 groups: a depressed group (N = 129) and a nondepressed group (N = 291). We found that women in the depressive symptomatology group were more likely than women in the nondepressive symptomatology group to exhibit anxious attachment and adverse social and cognitive characteristics. Lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of recent stress were also predictive of depressive symptomatology. Feared loss of the attachment figure and a lack of use of the attachment figure were independent predictors of depressive symptomatology in the same model.
The feared loss of security associated with an attachment figure seems to be related to an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms.
缺乏亲密关系已被确定为增加女性抑郁症状风险的重要诱发因素。本研究通过评估女性的依恋风格精确地刻画了缺乏亲密关系的特征，并调查了抑郁症状与焦虑依恋模式之间关联的特异性。
420名女性参与了这项关于抑郁症状和焦虑依恋的横断面研究。所有参与者完成了以下测量：一份社会人口学问卷、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）、相互依恋问卷、社会支持问卷、罗森伯格自尊量表以及近期压力总体评估量表。
CES-D得分16分及以上表明存在抑郁症状，以此将样本分为两组：抑郁组（N = 129）和非抑郁组（N = 291）。我们发现，有抑郁症状的女性比没有抑郁症状的女性更有可能表现出焦虑依恋以及不良的社会和认知特征。较低的自尊水平和较高的近期压力水平也可预测抑郁症状。在同一模型中，对依恋对象丧失的恐惧以及对依恋对象的利用不足是抑郁症状的独立预测因素。
与依恋对象相关的对安全感丧失的恐惧似乎与抑郁症状发生可能性增加有关。
