Mayer S, Hillis L D
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9047, USA.
Clin Cardiol. 1998 Apr;21(4):243-6. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960210403.
Although the prevalence of variant angina pectoris is unknown, it appears to be substantially less common than typical, exertional angina and unstable angina at rest. The patient with variant angina typically complains of a pressure-like, squeezing retrosternal chest discomfort of several minutes duration. The diagnosis is secured by the occurrence of transient ST-segment elevation in association with chest pain, both of which resolve spontaneously or with nitroglycerin. After the diagnosis is made, the patient usually becomes symptom-free on calcium-channel blockers with or without long-acting nitrates. Although the long-term survival of these patients is excellent, an occasional individual with variant angina sustains a complication, most often myocardial infarction, a life-threatening arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death.
虽然变异型心绞痛的患病率尚不清楚,但它似乎比典型的劳力性心绞痛和静息性不稳定心绞痛少见得多。变异型心绞痛患者通常主诉有持续数分钟的压榨样、闷痛性胸骨后胸部不适。通过胸痛发作时伴有短暂ST段抬高可确立诊断,胸痛和ST段抬高均可自发缓解或使用硝酸甘油后缓解。诊断确立后,患者使用或不使用长效硝酸盐类药物,加用钙通道阻滞剂通常症状消失。虽然这些患者的长期生存率很高,但偶尔有变异型心绞痛患者会出现并发症,最常见的是心肌梗死、危及生命的心律失常或心源性猝死。