Koch T, Ridgley M
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Theor Med Bioeth. 1998 Jan;19(1):47-58. doi: 10.1023/a:1009974214276.
US court decisions guaranteeing life-sustaining care to anencephalic infants have been viewed with disfavor, and sometimes disbelief, by some ethicists who do not believe in the necessity of life-sustaining support for those without cognitive abilities or an independently sustainable future. The distance between these two views--one legal and inclusive, the other medical and specific--seems unbridgeable. This paper reports on a program using multicriterion decision making to define and describe persons in a way which both acknowledges the differences perceived by many as well as those commonalities insisted on in U.S. court decisions. It does this through application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to a hierarchy of "humanness" criteria, and secondarily through reference to that concept's subset, personhood.
美国法院做出的保障无脑儿维持生命治疗的判决，遭到了一些伦理学家的反对，有时甚至是怀疑。这些伦理学家认为，对于那些没有认知能力或无法独立维持未来生活的人，没有必要提供维持生命的支持。这两种观点——一种是法律层面的、包容性的，另一种是医学层面的、特定的——之间的差距似乎无法弥合。本文报告了一个项目，该项目使用多标准决策方法来定义和描述人，既承认许多人所感知到的差异，也承认美国法院判决中所坚持的共性。这是通过将层次分析法应用于“人性”标准层次结构来实现的，其次是通过参考该概念的子集——人格。
