Sachs M, Auth M, Encke A
Department of Surgery, University Hospital Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
World J Surg. 1998 May;22(5):499-504. doi: 10.1007/s002689900424.
We describe the historical development of surgical instruments exemplified by hemostatic forceps, starting with antique and medieval forceps used for the arrest of bleeding to modern atraumatic hemostatic forceps used for vascular reconstruction. Their development proceeded mainly in three steps: (1) development of ligature forceps directly for hemostasis (Celsus, first century AD; Paré, 1582; L. Heister, 1743; (2) development of atraumatic forceps, which facilitate vascular reconstruction or anastomosis creation by temporarily clamping vessels (Höpfner, 1903; Stich, 1907; Jeger, 1913; (3) construction of tangential forceps, which, by partially clamping vessels with partial maintenance of blood flow, allow the reconstruction or anastomosis of large vessels in a side-to-side technique. The first tangential occlusion clamp was developed by Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844-1924) in 1908, when he established the operative treatment for embolism of the pulmonary artery. This clamp was later modified by A. W. Meyer (1927) and V.P. Satinsky (ca. 1950).
我们以止血钳为例描述手术器械的历史发展，从用于止血的古代和中世纪镊子到用于血管重建的现代无创伤止血钳。其发展主要经历了三个阶段：（1）直接用于止血的结扎钳的发展（塞尔苏斯，公元1世纪；帕雷，1582年；L. 海斯特，1743年）；（2）无创伤钳的发展，通过临时夹住血管来促进血管重建或吻合口的创建（霍普夫纳，1903年；施蒂希，1907年；耶格尔，1913年）；（3）切线钳的构造，通过部分夹住血管并部分维持血流，允许以侧对侧技术重建或吻合大血管。第一把切线闭塞钳由弗里德里希·特伦德伦堡（1844 - 1924）于1908年研制，当时他确立了肺动脉栓塞的手术治疗方法。该钳子后来由A. W. 迈耶（1927年）和V. P. 萨廷斯基（约1950年）进行了改进。
