Jenkins T C
Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 1998 Mar;81(3):794-800. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75636-X.
Based on previous in vitro results that showed reduced biohydrogenation of oleamide by ruminal microbes, this study was conducted to determine whether the addition of oleamide to the diets of dairy cows would enhance the C18:1 concentration in milk. Nine first lactation Holstein cows were fed three diets in a 3 x 3 Latin square replicated three times. Each period lasted 3 wk. The total mixed diets consisted of 42% corn silage and 58% concentrate (dry matter basis) with either no added fat (control), 3.5% high oleic canola oil, or 3.5% oleamide. Dry matter intake was reduced when oleamide was added to the diet but not when canola oil was added. Milk yields were the same for cows fed all three diets. Canola oil reduced fat-corrected milk yield and milk fat concentration, but these were not affected by oleamide. Milk protein concentration was lower for cows fed oleamide than for cows fed canola oil. Milk C18:1 averaged 23.16% of total fatty acids for cows fed the control diet and increased to 35.13% when canola oil was fed. Oleamide further increased C18:1 to 48.16% of total fatty acids in milk. All fatty acids with > or = 16 carbon chain length were reduced by oleamide. Oleamide was more effective than was canola oil in this study at increasing the oleic acid content of bovine milk. Oleamide reduced dietary intake when added at 3.5% of the dietary dry matter but still had no effect on milk yield or milk composition.
基于之前的体外实验结果,即瘤胃微生物对油酰胺的生物氢化作用减弱,本研究旨在确定在奶牛日粮中添加油酰胺是否会提高牛奶中C18:1的浓度。选用9头头胎荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方设计,重复3次,饲喂三种日粮。每个周期持续3周。全混合日粮由42%的玉米青贮和58%的精料(干物质基础)组成,分别为不添加脂肪(对照)、3.5%的高油酸菜籽油或3.5%的油酰胺。日粮中添加油酰胺时干物质采食量降低,但添加菜籽油时未降低。饲喂三种日粮的奶牛产奶量相同。菜籽油降低了乳脂校正乳产量和乳脂肪浓度,但油酰胺对其无影响。饲喂油酰胺的奶牛乳蛋白浓度低于饲喂菜籽油的奶牛。饲喂对照日粮的奶牛,牛奶中C18:1平均占总脂肪酸的23.16%,饲喂菜籽油时增加到35.13%。油酰胺使牛奶中C18:1进一步增加到总脂肪酸的48.16%。所有碳链长度≥16的脂肪酸含量均因油酰胺而降低。在本研究中,油酰胺比菜籽油更有效地提高了牛奶中的油酸含量。日粮干物质中添加3.5%的油酰胺会降低采食量,但对产奶量或乳成分仍无影响。