Koh S D, Kayton L, Streicker S K
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1976 Aug;163(2):88-101. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197608000-00003.
The short term memory of schizophrenics for random dot patterns was examined by a delayed comparison procedure. In experiment 1, the 10 schizophrenics and 10 normals compared a fixed dot pattern (standard) with a variable dot pattern (compairson) appearing 2 or 8 seconds later and decided whether the comparison stimulus had "more" or "less" dots than the standard. Memory strength, indexed by the d' value of signal-detection theory, showed neither group difference nor decay over time. In experiment 2, the interstimulus interval was filled with an unjudged dot pattern (storage interference), and the standard stimulus followed the variable comparison stimulus (encoding difficulty). The memory strength of 17 schizophrenics and 17 normals was severely impaired, and their memory strength weakened over time, but again, no group differences were found. In both experiments, the two groups showed a strong bias (beta) in underestimating the first (to-be-remembered) stimulus. It was concluded that schizophrenics' short term perceptual memory for nonverbal stimuli remains good.
通过延迟比较程序对精神分裂症患者对随机点模式的短期记忆进行了研究。在实验1中，10名精神分裂症患者和10名正常人将一个固定的点模式（标准）与2秒或8秒后出现的可变点模式（比较）进行比较，并判断比较刺激的点比标准刺激的点“多”还是“少”。以信号检测理论的d'值为指标的记忆强度，既没有显示出组间差异，也没有随时间衰减。在实验2中，刺激间隔期间填充了一个无需判断的点模式（存储干扰），并且标准刺激跟随可变比较刺激（编码难度）。17名精神分裂症患者和17名正常人的记忆强度严重受损，并且他们的记忆强度随时间减弱，但同样未发现组间差异。在两个实验中，两组在低估第一个（要记住的）刺激方面都表现出强烈的偏向（β）。得出的结论是，精神分裂症患者对非语言刺激的短期感知记忆仍然良好。
