Eisele J A, Lust B, Aram D M
Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, NY 12208-3478, USA.
Brain Lang. 1998 Feb 15;61(3):376-94. doi: 10.1006/brln.1997.1883.
Twenty-four children (4-17 years) with unilateral left (N = 14) or right (N = 10) hemisphere damage and 24 age-matched controls were tested on their ability to presuppose the truth of factive sentences e.g., "Max knew that he locked the door," and to infer the truth or falsity of implicative sentences "Max remembered to lock the door." Experimental sentence types varied according to the type of inference, the semantic features of the verb (factive vs. implicative), the presence and type of negation (lexical or syntactic), and the syntax of the complement (tensed or infinitive). Relative to age-matched controls, left lesion subjects were deficient in both their presupposition and implication performance, particularly when such inferences required the computation of negation scope. Right lesion subjects exhibited a somewhat more selective deficit; one limited to implication, but not presupposition, and one limited to lexical but not syntactic forms of negation.
对24名单侧左半球（N = 14）或右半球（N = 10）受损的儿童（4至17岁）以及24名年龄匹配的对照组儿童进行了测试，以考察他们预设事实性句子（例如“马克斯知道他锁了门”）真实性的能力，以及推断隐含性句子（“马克斯记得锁门”）真假的能力。实验句子类型根据推理类型、动词的语义特征（事实性与隐含性）、否定的存在与类型（词汇性或句法性）以及补语的句法（时态或不定式）而有所不同。相对于年龄匹配的对照组，左侧受损的受试者在预设和隐含表现方面均存在缺陷，尤其是当此类推理需要计算否定范围时。右侧受损的受试者表现出更具选择性的缺陷；一种局限于隐含性，而非预设性，另一种局限于词汇性而非句法性的否定形式。
