de Blay F, Spirlet F, Gries P, Casel S, Ott M, Pauli G
Pavillion Laennec, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Unité INSERM U425, France.
Allergy. 1998 Apr;53(4):411-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03914.x.
It has been shown that a vacuum cleaner (VC) can increase airborne cat allergen levels. This study aimed to compare the degree of leakage of airborne Fel d 1 levels among five different VCs, both under laboratory conditions and in an apartment with cats.
Three of the VCs were marketed as antiallergic: a HEPA filter VC (VC A), a water impingement and HEPA filter VC (VC B), and a foam fabric filter VC (VC C). The other two were standard VCs: VC D and VC E. VCs were tested in a 20 m3, airtight, experimental room and in a 53 m3 living room in an apartment with three cats. Air was sampled with a glass-fiber filter and an impinger at 20 l/min for 30 min before, during, and after vacuuming. Airborne Fel d 1 was measured with a two-site monoclonal ELISA assay.
In the experimental room, no airborne Fel d 1 level was measured before using the VCs. After introducing a dust sample containing Fel d 1 in the VCs, we found that VCs A, B, and E did not provoke any increase in airborne Fel d 1. In contrast, VCs C and D significantly increased airborne Fel d 1 levels (GM: 4.9 and 5.3 ng/m3, respectively). In the apartment, all VCs induced an increase in airborne Fel d 1, which was carried by particles greater than 5 microm. However, VCs C and D provoked significantly greater increases in airborne Fel d 1 than VCs A, B, and E (P=0.0001).
Our results suggest that: 1) The two VCs with leakage in the experimental room had greater leakages in the apartment. 2) In the apartment with cats, all VCs provoked increases in airborne Fel d 1, primarily carried by large particles. 3) Given the increased marketing of "antiallergic" VCs, further studies are needed to standardize methods for testing airborne allergen leakage by VCs.
已有研究表明，真空吸尘器（VC）会增加空气中猫过敏原的水平。本研究旨在比较五种不同真空吸尘器在实验室条件下以及在有猫的公寓中，空气中猫过敏原Fel d 1水平的泄漏程度。
其中三款真空吸尘器被宣传为抗过敏型：一款高效空气过滤器真空吸尘器（VC A）、一款水冲击式和高效空气过滤器真空吸尘器（VC B）以及一款泡沫织物过滤器真空吸尘器（VC C）。另外两款是标准真空吸尘器：VC D和VC E。在一个20立方米的气密实验室内以及一个有三只猫的53立方米公寓客厅中对真空吸尘器进行测试。在吸尘前、吸尘期间和吸尘后，使用玻璃纤维过滤器和冲击式采样器以20升/分钟的流量采集空气样本30分钟。采用双位点单克隆酶联免疫吸附测定法测量空气中的Fel d 1。
在实验室内，使用真空吸尘器前未检测到空气中有Fel d 1水平。在向真空吸尘器中引入含有Fel d 1的灰尘样本后，我们发现VC A、VC B和VC E并未引起空气中Fel d 1水平的任何增加。相比之下，VC C和VC D显著增加了空气中Fel d 1的水平（几何均值分别为4.9和5.3纳克/立方米）。在公寓中，所有真空吸尘器都导致空气中Fel d 1增加，其由大于5微米的颗粒携带。然而，VC C和VC D引起的空气中Fel d 1增加显著大于VC A、VC B和VC E（P = 0.0001）。
我们的结果表明：1）在实验室内有泄漏的两款真空吸尘器在公寓中的泄漏情况更严重。2）在有猫的公寓中，所有真空吸尘器都会引起空气中Fel d 1增加，主要由大颗粒携带。3）鉴于“抗过敏”真空吸尘器的市场推广增加，需要进一步研究以规范测试真空吸尘器空气中过敏原泄漏的方法。
