Swisher R R, Elder G H, Lorenz F O, Conger R D
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27516-3997, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 1998 Mar;39(1):72-89.
We examine how the occupation of farming structures the stress experiences of individuals through the timing and placement of actions. Further, we show how occupations have effects that spillover into family and friendship relationships. We find that farming affects both exposure and vulnerability to stressors. Specifically, farm men are more exposed to financial and job-related stressors, while less prone to marital conflict, than non-farmers. Given the importance of cohesion in farm family operations, farm men are more vulnerable to such conflict when it occurs. However, farm men are unaffected, if not consoled, by knowledge of undesirable events in the lives of their friends. We explore this finding and conclude that farm men use downward social comparisons to cope with the high levels of uncertainty characteristic of farming in the aftermath of the 1980s farm crisis.
我们研究了农业生产活动如何通过行动的时间安排和布局来构建个体的压力体验。此外，我们还展示了职业如何产生影响并波及到家庭和友谊关系。我们发现，农业生产既影响压力源的暴露程度，也影响对压力源的易感性。具体而言，与非农民相比，农场男性更容易面临与财务和工作相关的压力源，但较少陷入婚姻冲突。鉴于农场家庭经营中凝聚力的重要性，农场男性在婚姻冲突发生时更容易受到影响。然而，农场男性对于朋友生活中不良事件的知晓，即便没有起到慰藉作用，也不会受到影响。我们对这一发现进行了探究，并得出结论：20世纪80年代农业危机之后，农场男性通过向下的社会比较来应对农业生产中高度的不确定性。
