Milliken B, Joordens S, Merikle P M, Seiffert A E
Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Rev. 1998 Apr;105(2):203-29. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.105.2.203.
The notion that inhibitory processes play a critical role in selective attention has gained wide support. Much of this support derives from studies of negative priming. The authors note that the attribution of negative priming to an inhibitory mechanism of attention draws its support from a common assumption underlying priming procedures, together with the procedure that has been used to measure negative priming. The results from a series of experiments demonstrate that selection between 2 competing prime items is not required to observe negative priming. This result is demonstrated across several experiments in which participants named 1 of 2 items in a second display following presentation of a single-item prime. The implications of these results for existing theories of negative priming are discussed, and a theoretical framework for interpreting negative priming and several related phenomena is forwarded.
抑制过程在选择性注意中起关键作用这一观点已获得广泛支持。这种支持大多源于对负启动的研究。作者指出，将负启动归因于注意的抑制机制，这一观点的支持来自启动程序背后的一个共同假设，以及用于测量负启动的程序。一系列实验的结果表明，观察负启动并不需要在两个相互竞争的启动项目之间进行选择。这一结果在多个实验中得到了证明，在这些实验中，参与者在呈现单个项目启动刺激后，从第二个显示的两个项目中命名其中一个。文中讨论了这些结果对现有负启动理论的影响，并提出了一个解释负启动及若干相关现象的理论框架。
