O'Connor J P
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998 Jan(346):71-80.
Heterotopic ossification is often a severe clinical complication of joint arthroplasty, neurologic trauma, and muscle injury. In rare genetic disorders, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, heterotopic ossification can be crippling and often leads to premature death. Reliable animal models of heterotopic ossifications that mimic pathologies seen in man would be invaluable for the development of new treatments to combat heterotopic ossification. Various methods used to induce heterotopic ossification in animals including the use of bone morphogenetic proteins, urinary tract epithelia, and transformed cell lines are described. Genetic animal models of heterotopic ossification and various miscellaneous examples of heterotopic ossification in animals are described. Finally, the use of transgenic mice to manipulate bone morphogenetic protein expression is discussed as a possible future animal model of heterotopic ossification.
异位骨化通常是关节置换术、神经创伤和肌肉损伤的严重临床并发症。在罕见的遗传性疾病中，如进行性骨化性纤维发育不良，异位骨化可能导致残疾，并常常导致过早死亡。能够模拟人类所见病理情况的可靠异位骨化动物模型对于开发对抗异位骨化的新疗法将具有极高价值。文中描述了用于在动物中诱导异位骨化的各种方法，包括使用骨形态发生蛋白、尿路上皮和转化细胞系。还介绍了异位骨化的基因动物模型以及动物中异位骨化的各种其他实例。最后，讨论了使用转基因小鼠来操纵骨形态发生蛋白表达作为异位骨化未来可能的动物模型。
