Kawamura M
Department of Neurology, Showa University school of Medicine.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1997 Dec;37(12):1125-6.
Visual objects can be classified into some categories such as faces, landscapes, objects and letters. Visual agnosia specific to one of these categories can occur. This type of visual agnosia occurs at the occipitotemporal lobe lesion where the visual cognitive center exists, and is often induced by vascular disease of the posterior cerebral artery. In this study we categorized the symptoms of visual agnosia and presented the natures of these symptoms of patients, and then investigated the lesions responsible for the symptoms. In addition, we clarified the current most important issue for each symptom. Based on our results, we discussed the visual cognitive functions of the occipitotemporal lobe. The results indicate that visual cognitive dysfunction with respect to faces, landscapes, objects and letters corresponds to prosopagnosia, agnosia for streets, associative object agnosia and pure alexia, respectively. Investigation of the relationship between the symptoms of the above conditions and the responsible regions shows that the right medial-posterior region, right medial-anterior region, both lateral regions (left side is superior) and the left medial region are important in the visual cognition of faces, landscapes, objects and letters, respectively. Thus, it is speculated that the visual cognitive functions occur independently at different regions of the occipitotemporal lobe for each visual category.
视觉对象可分为一些类别，如面孔、风景、物体和字母。特定于这些类别之一的视觉失认症可能会出现。这种类型的视觉失认症发生在存在视觉认知中枢的枕颞叶病变处，并且常由大脑后动脉的血管疾病诱发。在本研究中，我们对视觉失认症的症状进行了分类，并呈现了患者这些症状的特点，然后研究了导致这些症状的病变。此外，我们阐明了每种症状当前最重要的问题。基于我们的结果，我们讨论了枕颞叶的视觉认知功能。结果表明，对面孔、风景、物体和字母的视觉认知功能障碍分别对应人面失认症、街道失认症、联想性物体失认症和纯失读症。对上述病症症状与责任区域之间关系的研究表明，右侧中后区域、右侧中前区域、双侧区域（左侧更靠前）和左侧内侧区域分别在面孔、风景、物体和字母的视觉认知中起重要作用。因此，推测枕颞叶的不同区域针对每个视觉类别独立地发挥视觉认知功能。
