Muñoz S E, Chatenoud L, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Levi F
I Cátedra de Histología, Embriologia y Genética, Fac. Cien. Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 1998 Feb;7(1):37-44.
Trends in death certification rates for 12 major cancer sites and total cancer mortality in Argentina were analysed for the period 1966-91 on the basis of the World Health Organization database. In the late 1960s, total cancer mortality rates in Argentina (184/100,000 men, 117/100,000 women, world standard) were among the highest in the world. Over the 25-year period considered, however, cancer mortality in Argentina declined by 15% in both sexes, to reach 157/100,000 in men and 99/100,000 in women, for 1990-91. These rates were somewhat lower than those of North America and, particularly for women, relatively low on a worldwide scale. The favourable trends, observed mostly between the 1960s and the 1980s, reflect the steady decline in gastric cancer rates in both sexes, together with some decline in oesophageal, lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms, mostly in men, following some decline in tobacco consumption over the last two decades. The fall in oesophageal cancer may be related to decreased consumption of hot maté, too. Colorectal cancer rates were high in the 1960s, but declined by 17% in men and 35% in women. An approximately 50% decline was observed for skin cancer mortality, which was among the lowest in the world in the early 1990s, and some decline was observed also for leukaemias and uterine cancer, while breast and prostate neoplasms showed a general stability. The two major unfavourable features of cancer mortality in Argentina were the persistently high rates for oesophageal in men, and for uterine cancer mortality in women. These are likely a result of hot maté drinking for oesophageal cancer and inadequate screening for cervical cancer.
基于世界卫生组织数据库，对1966年至1991年期间阿根廷12个主要癌症部位的死亡证明率趋势及总体癌症死亡率进行了分析。20世纪60年代末，阿根廷的总体癌症死亡率（男性为184/10万，女性为117/10万，世界标准）位居世界最高水平之列。然而，在考虑的这25年期间，阿根廷的癌症死亡率在两性中均下降了15%，在1990 - 1991年时，男性降至157/10万，女性降至99/10万。这些比率略低于北美，特别是对于女性而言，在全球范围内相对较低。主要在20世纪60年代至80年代观察到的有利趋势反映了两性胃癌发病率的稳步下降，以及食管、肺癌和其他与烟草相关的肿瘤发病率有所下降，主要是男性，这是由于过去二十年烟草消费有所下降。食管癌发病率的下降也可能与热马黛茶消费量减少有关。20世纪60年代结直肠癌发病率较高，但男性下降了17%，女性下降了35%。皮肤癌死亡率下降了约50%，在20世纪90年代初是世界上最低的之一，白血病和子宫癌也有一定程度下降，而乳腺癌和前列腺癌总体保持稳定。阿根廷癌症死亡率的两个主要不利特征是男性食管癌死亡率持续居高不下，以及女性子宫癌死亡率居高不下。这可能分别是由于饮用热马黛茶导致食管癌，以及宫颈癌筛查不足所致。
