Johnson H D
Med Hypotheses. 1976 Jul-Aug;2(4):147-9. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(76)90070-0.
In textbooks of physiology it is usually stated that fluids are extravasated from the arterial ends of capillaries, because, there, the outward transmural pressure of the blood exceeds its net inward osmotic pressure. At the venous ends, however, the position is reversed. The fluids are, therefore, reabsorbed. Inthis paper it is argued that this is not a true picture of what must really happen. For, having once become equal there is no reason why the pressures should ever cease to be so. Instead, fluids are absorbed at exactly that rate which just keeps pace with falling hydraulic pressure, as the blood proceeds along the capillary loop. Moreover, the forces are indeed shown to be equal at the extreme venous ends of the capillaries. It is further argued that, though this mechanism might operate anywhere in the horizontal position, it could not possibly work in the feet of a standing man. For here the hydraulic blood pressure everywhere greatly exceeds the osmotic pressure of plasma proteins. An addition to Starling's hypothesis is therefore suggested to adapt it to dependent tissues. An experiment by which the validity of this addition might be tested is described.
在生理学教科书中通常指出，液体从毛细血管的动脉端渗出，因为在那里，血液的跨壁外向压力超过其净内向渗透压。然而，在静脉端，情况则相反。因此，液体会被重吸收。在本文中，有人认为这并非实际发生情况的真实写照。因为一旦两者变得相等，就没有理由认为压力会不再保持相等。相反，随着血液沿毛细血管环流动，液体以恰好与液压下降速度同步的速率被吸收。此外，在毛细血管的最末端静脉端，这些力确实被证明是相等的。进一步有人认为，尽管这种机制在水平位置的任何地方都可能起作用，但在站立者的脚部却不可能起作用。因为在这里，各处的血液液压都大大超过血浆蛋白的渗透压。因此，有人提出对斯塔林假说进行补充，使其适用于下垂组织。本文描述了一个可用于检验这一补充有效性的实验。
