Błaszczyk J W
Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1998;58(1):79-93. doi: 10.55782/ane-1998-1262.
The basal ganglia comprise a group of gray matter structures beneath the cerebral cortex, that surrounds the thalamus and hypothalamus. The basal ganglia play an important role in controlling movement. The motor circuits within the striato-pallidal complex are thought to facilitate desired movement and inhibit unwanted movement through their influence, via the thalamus, mainly on cortical precentral motor regions. Localized damage to parts of the basal ganglia occurs in certain diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism is a common neurological disorder that affects about one person in every 1,000 of the general population and about 2% in the elderly. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is based on the presence of two or more of the major symptoms: tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. The pathological process behind the motor disabilities of Parkinsonism is a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, that results in dopamine depletion in the striatum. Brain dopamine deficiency is sufficient to explain all of the major symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
基底神经节由大脑皮层下方的一组灰质结构组成，围绕着丘脑和下丘脑。基底神经节在控制运动方面发挥着重要作用。纹状体 - 苍白球复合体中的运动回路被认为通过其主要经丘脑对皮质中央前运动区的影响来促进期望的运动并抑制不必要的运动。基底神经节部分区域的局部损伤发生在某些疾病中，如帕金森病。帕金森症是一种常见的神经系统疾病，在普通人群中每1000人中约有1人受影响，在老年人中约为2%。帕金森病的诊断基于两种或更多主要症状的存在：震颤、僵硬、姿势不稳和运动迟缓。帕金森症运动障碍背后的病理过程是黑质多巴胺能神经元的进行性退化，导致纹状体中多巴胺耗竭。脑多巴胺缺乏足以解释帕金森病的所有主要症状。
