Jones J E
School of Health Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne 46805-1499, USA.
Eur J Dent Educ. 1998 Feb;2(1):42-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.1998.tb00035.x.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate individual faculty research productivity with respect to gender among clinical faculty in 66 United States and Canadian schools of dentistry. A comprehensive survey instrument was developed to collect information on factors associated with research productivity of individual faculty. The present investigation focused on time spent per week in various work related activities (teaching, administration, research, and private practice), external grant money obtained for research, and responses to 12 variables evaluating the subject's perceptions of their research background, work environment, attitude and outcome effects from publishing, and the use of colleagues in conducting research. The 833 respondents represented a response rate of 69.4% (833/1200) from a 50% stratified random sample of faculty who (1) had full-time appointments and held at least the DMD or DDS degree or the foreign equivalent, (2) taught in a clinical department of the dental school, and (3) were not departmental chairpersons or administrators. The majority of subjects responding to the survey were male (705 males, 84.6%; 128 females, 15.4%). Respondents reported a mean of 10.3 years (males = 10.8, females = 7.5) in full-time dental education and a mean of 10.1 career publications (males = 11.6, females = 6.5; P < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in weekly hours devoted to academic responsibilities between males and females, several factors did demonstrate significant gender differences (external grant money obtained for research purposes, P < 0.03; feeling that the departmental chair did not emphasize research, P < 0.05; feeling a lack of autonomy within their institution, P < 0.007; and feeling a lack of available colleagues for research purposes, P < 0.001). The implications of the findings are discussed concerning strategies for improving research productivity for females in academic dentistry.
本研究的目的是评估美国和加拿大66所牙科学院临床教员中不同性别的个人科研生产力。开发了一种综合调查问卷，以收集与个人教员科研生产力相关因素的信息。本次调查重点关注每周花在各种与工作相关活动（教学、管理、研究和私人执业）上的时间、获得的外部研究资助，以及对12个变量的回答，这些变量评估了受试者对其研究背景、工作环境、发表成果的态度和结果影响，以及在开展研究中对同事的利用情况。833名受访者占从教员中抽取的50%分层随机样本的69.4%（833/1200），这些教员满足以下条件：（1）全职任职，至少拥有牙医学博士（DMD）或牙外科学博士（DDS）学位或同等国外学位；（2）在牙科学院的临床科室授课；（3）不是科室主任或管理人员。参与调查的大多数受试者为男性（705名男性，占84.6%；128名女性，占15.4%）。受访者报告全职牙科教育的平均时长为10.3年（男性 = 10.8年，女性 = 7.5年），平均发表的职业论文数量为10.1篇（男性 = 11.6篇，女性 = 6.5篇；P < 0.001）。尽管男性和女性每周用于学术职责的时长没有显著差异，但有几个因素确实显示出显著的性别差异（用于研究目的获得的外部资助，P < 0.03；感觉科室主任不重视研究，P < 0.05；感觉在所在机构缺乏自主权，P < 0.007；感觉缺乏可用于研究目的的同事，P < 0.001）。讨论了这些研究结果对提高牙科学院女性科研生产力策略的启示。
