Gaetz M, Weinberg H, Rzempoluck E, Jantzen K J
Brain Behaviour Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada.
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1998 Apr;6(4):335-46. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00038-4.
It has recently been suggested that reentrant connections are essential in systems that process complex information [A. Damasio, H. Damasio, Cortical systems for the retrieval of concrete knowledge: the convergence zone framework, in: C. Koch, J.L. Davis (Eds.), Large Scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 61-74; G. Edelman, The Remembered Present, Basic Books, New York, 1989; M.I. Posner, M. Rothbart, Constructing neuronal theories of mind, in: C. Koch, J.L. Davis (Eds.), Large Scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 183-199; C. von der Malsburg, W. Schneider, A neuronal cocktail party processor, Biol. Cybem., 54 (1986) 29-40]. Reentry is not feedback, but parallel signalling in the time domain between spatially distributed maps, similar to a process of correlation between distributed systems. Accordingly, it was expected that during spontaneous reversals of the Necker cube, complex patterns of correlations between distributed systems would be present in the cortex. The present study included EEG (n=4) and MEG recordings (n=5). Two experimental questions were posed: (1) Can distributed cortical patterns present during perceptual reversals be classified differently using a generalised regression neural network (GRNN) compared to processing of a two-dimensional figure? (2) Does correlated cortical activity increase significantly during perception of a Necker cube reversal? One-second duration single trials of EEG and MEG data were analysed using the GRNN. Electrode/sensor pairings based on cortico-cortical connections were selected to assess correlated activity in each condition. The GRNN significantly classified single trials recorded during Necker cube reversals as different from single trials recorded during perception of a two-dimensional figure for both EEG and MEG. In addition, correlated cortical activity increased significantly in the Necker cube reversal condition for EEG and MEG compared to the perception of a non-reversing stimulus. Coherent MEG activity observed over occipital, parietal and temporal regions is believed to represent neural systems related to the perception of Necker cube reversals.
最近有人提出，折返连接在处理复杂信息的系统中至关重要[A.达马西奥、H.达马西奥，用于检索具体知识的皮质系统：汇聚区框架，载于：C.科赫、J.L.戴维斯（编），《大脑的大规模神经元理论》，麻省理工学院出版社，剑桥，1995年，第61 - 74页；G.埃德尔曼，《当下的记忆》，基础图书公司，纽约，1989年；M.I.波斯纳、M.罗斯巴特，构建心智的神经元理论，载于：C.科赫、J.L.戴维斯（编），《大脑的大规模神经元理论》，麻省理工学院出版社，剑桥，1995年，第183 - 199页；C.冯·德·马尔堡、W.施奈德，一种神经元鸡尾酒会处理器，《生物控制论》，54（1986年）29 - 40页]。折返不是反馈，而是空间分布图谱之间在时域的并行信号传递，类似于分布式系统之间的相关过程。因此，预计在奈克方块自发反转期间，皮质中会出现分布式系统之间复杂的相关模式。本研究包括脑电图（n = 4）和脑磁图记录（n = 5）。提出了两个实验问题：（1）与处理二维图形相比，使用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）能否对感知反转期间出现的分布式皮质模式进行不同分类？（2）在感知奈克方块反转期间，相关的皮质活动是否会显著增加？使用GRNN对脑电图和脑磁图数据的一秒时长单次试验进行分析。基于皮质 - 皮质连接选择电极/传感器配对，以评估每种情况下的相关活动。对于脑电图和脑磁图，GRNN都能显著地将奈克方块反转期间记录的单次试验分类为与二维图形感知期间记录的单次试验不同。此外，与非反转刺激的感知相比，脑电图和脑磁图在奈克方块反转条件下相关的皮质活动显著增加。据信，在枕叶、顶叶和颞叶区域观察到的相干脑磁图活动代表了与奈克方块反转感知相关的神经系统。
