Galati E A, Nunes V L, Rego Júnior F de A, Oshiro E T, Chang M R
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 1997 Aug;31(4):378-90. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101997000400007.
In the Americas, Lutzomyia longipalpis has been incriminated as the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in almost all the areas in which this disease has been reported. The notification of human cases of visceral leishmaniasis and the presence of dogs with an appearance suggestive of the disease in the country of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, led us to undertake an entomological investigation in this area, for the purpose of identifying the phlebotomine vector.
The county of Corumbá is located in the Pantanal region and its urban area is situated at 18 degrees 59' 44" South and 57 degrees 39' 16" West. The research project was carried out in peri and intradomiciliary environments, in three urban districts, one of which was central and the other two on the outskirts, and in a cave situated outside the urban perimeter. Most of the captures were made weekly with light automatic traps, in the period from February 1984 to December 1986. Meteorological data for this period were obtained from the city's meteorological station and those for the period from 1925 to 1982 from the literature.
The urban phlebotomine fauna consisted of eight species and was similar to that of the cave, except that in the latter the species were more abundant. Lutzomyia cruzi was predominant in the peri and intradomiciliary environments. Its prevalence in the central district was of 90.3% and lower in the outskirts. Lu. forattinii presented considerable prevalence (39.0%) in one of the outlying districts too. In the cave, Lu. corumbaensis was the predominant species, followed by Lu. sordellii, Lu. forattinii, Lu. peresi and Lu. cruzi. The impact of the climatic condition and the action of insecticides in the urban area on the frequency of the species, as well as the use of the cave as a breeding ground by the phlebotomines, in view of the changes in the sex rate, are commented. Data on anthropophily and captures of Lu. forattinii using dog bait have been added.
The predominance of Lu. cruzi in the urban area; the great prevalence of Lu. forattinii in most of the outlying areas studied and the anthropophily of this latter species, as well as the strong affinity of these species with Lu. longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniais in other areas of the Americas, suggest the participation of both in the transmission of the disease in Corumbá.
在美洲，长须罗蛉几乎在所有报告过内脏利什曼病的地区都被认定为该病的传播媒介。巴西南马托格罗索州科伦巴市报告了人类内脏利什曼病病例，且出现了外观疑似该病的犬只，这促使我们在该地区开展昆虫学调查，以确定白蛉传播媒介。
科伦巴市位于潘塔纳尔地区，其市区位于南纬18度59分44秒、西经57度39分16秒。该研究项目在城市周边和室内环境、三个市区（其中一个为市中心区，另外两个为郊区）以及城市周边外的一个洞穴中进行。1984年2月至1986年12月期间，大部分捕获工作每周使用轻型自动诱捕器进行。该时期的气象数据来自该市气象站，1925年至1982年期间的数据来自文献。
城市白蛉种类有八种，与洞穴中的种类相似，只是洞穴中的种类更为丰富。克鲁兹罗蛉在城市周边和室内环境中占主导地位。其在市中心区的患病率为90.3%，在郊区较低。福氏罗蛉在其中一个郊区也有相当高的患病率（39.0%）。在洞穴中，科伦巴罗蛉是主要种类，其次是索氏罗蛉、福氏罗蛉、佩氏罗蛉和克鲁兹罗蛉。文中讨论了城市地区气候条件和杀虫剂的作用对种类频率的影响，以及鉴于性别比例的变化，洞穴作为白蛉繁殖地的情况。还补充了福氏罗蛉嗜人习性和用犬饵捕获福氏罗蛉的数据。
克鲁兹罗蛉在城市地区占主导地位；福氏罗蛉在所研究的大多数郊区患病率很高且具有嗜人习性，以及这些种类与美洲其他地区内脏利什曼病主要传播媒介长须罗蛉有很强的亲缘关系，表明它们都参与了科伦巴市该病的传播。
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