Schoelkopf RJ, Wahlgren P, Kozhevnikov AA, Delsing P, Prober DE
R. J. Schoelkopf, A. A. Kozhevnikov, D. E. Prober, Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8284, USA. P. Wahlgren and P. Delsing, Department of Microelectronics and Nanoscience, Chalmers Uni.
Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1238-42. doi: 10.1126/science.280.5367.1238.
A new type of electrometer is described that uses a single-electron transistor (SET) and that allows large operating speeds and extremely high charge sensitivity. The SET readout was accomplished by measuring the damping of a 1.7-gigahertz resonant circuit in which the device is embedded, and in some ways is the electrostatic "dual" of the well-known radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device. The device is more than two orders of magnitude faster than previous single-electron devices, with a constant gain from dc to greater than 100 megahertz. For a still-unoptimized device, a charge sensitivity of 1.2 x 10(-5) e/hertz was obtained at a frequency of 1.1 megahertz, which is about an order of magnitude better than a typical, 1/f-noise-limited SET, and corresponds to an energy sensitivity (in joules per hertz) of about 41 Planck's over 2pi.
本文描述了一种新型静电计，它采用单电子晶体管（SET），具有高运行速度和极高的电荷灵敏度。SET读数是通过测量嵌入该器件的1.7千兆赫兹谐振电路的阻尼来实现的，在某些方面，它是著名的射频超导量子干涉器件的静电“对偶”。该器件比以前的单电子器件快两个数量级以上，从直流到大于100兆赫兹都具有恒定增益。对于一个尚未优化的器件，在1.1兆赫兹频率下获得了1.2×10^(-5) e/赫兹的电荷灵敏度，这比典型的1/f噪声限制的SET大约好一个数量级，并且对应于约41普朗克常数除以2π的能量灵敏度（以焦耳每赫兹为单位）。
