Lazar J W, Frank Y
Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, New York University Medical School, Manhassett, USA.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Spring;10(2):160-7. doi: 10.1176/jnp.10.2.160.
Tests of attention, inhibition, working memory, motor learning, and problem solving--functions associated with the brain's frontal systems--were administered to 26 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities (ADHD + LD), 22 children with LD only, and 10 with ADHD only. Percentages of abnormal test results and significantly impaired scores were higher for the two groups with LD than for the ADHD-only group. The groups differed significantly on some tests of attention-inhibition-cueing, working memory, and problem solving, with the ADHD + LD and LD groups performing worse than the ADHD-only group. Abnormalities of frontal systems tests are not exclusive ADHD characteristics and are also present in LD children, implying a strong connection between centers of "processing" and centers of "executive" functions.
对26名患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍和学习障碍（ADHD + LD）的儿童、22名仅患有学习障碍（LD）的儿童以及10名仅患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童进行了注意力、抑制、工作记忆、运动学习和问题解决能力测试，这些能力与大脑额叶系统相关。与仅患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍的儿童相比，患有学习障碍的两组儿童测试结果异常和分数显著受损的百分比更高。在注意力-抑制-提示、工作记忆和问题解决的一些测试中，这些组之间存在显著差异，ADHD + LD组和LD组的表现比仅患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍的儿童更差。额叶系统测试的异常并非注意力缺陷/多动障碍的独有特征，在患有学习障碍的儿童中也存在，这意味着“处理”中心和“执行”功能中心之间存在紧密联系。
